Astronomy 101 Exploring the Outer Solar System

Our final lesson in this part of Astronomy 101 will concentrate primarily on the outer solar system, including two  gas giants; Jupiter, Saturn and the two ice giant planets Uranus, and Neptune. Theres also Pluto, which is a dwarf planet, as well as other distant small worlds that remain unexplored.   Jupiter, the fifth planet from the Sun, is also the largest in our solar system. Its average distance is approximately 588 million kilometers, which is about five times the distance from Earth to the Sun. Jupiter It has no surface, though it may have a core composed of comet-like rock-forming minerals. Gravity at the top of the clouds in Jupiters atmosphere is about 2.5 times Earths gravity Jupiter takes about 11.9 Earth years to make one trip around the Sun, and its day is about 10 hours long. It is the fourth brightest object in Earths sky, after the Sun, the Moon, and Venus. It can be seen easily with the naked eye. Binoculars or a telescope may show details, like the Great Red Spot or its four largest moons.   The second-largest planet in our solar system is  Saturn. It lies 1.2 billion kilometers from Earth and takes 29 years to orbit the Sun. It is  also primarily a giant world of condensed gas, with a small rocky core. Saturn is perhaps best known for its rings, which are made of hundreds of thousands of ringlets of small particles. Viewed from earth, Saturn appears as a yellowish object and can be easily viewed by the naked eye. With a telescope, the A and B rings are easily visible, and under very good conditions the D and E rings can be seen. Very strong telescopes can distinguish more rings, as well as the nine satellites of Saturn. Uranus is the seventh most distant planet from the Sun, with an average distance of 2.5 billion kilometers. It is often referred to as a gas giant, but its icy composition makes it more of an ice giant. Uranus has a rocky core, completely covered with watery slush and mixed with rocky particles. It has an atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane with ices mixed in. Despite its size, Uranuss gravity is only about 1.17 times that of Earth. A Uranus day is about 17.25 Earth hours, while its year is 84 Earth years long Uranus was the first planet to be discovered using a telescope. Under ideal conditions, it can barely be seen with the unaided eye, but should be clearly visible with binoculars or a telescope. Uranus has rings, 11 that are known. It also has 15 moons discovered to date. Ten of these were discovered when Voyager 2 passed the planet in 1986. The last of the giant planets in our solar system is Neptune, fourth largest, and also considered more of an ice giant. Its composition is similar to Uranus, with a rocky core and huge ocean of water. With a mass 17 times that of Earth, its volume is 72 times Earths volume. Its atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, and minute amounts of methane. A day on Neptune lasts about 16 Earth hours, while its long journey around the sun makes its year nearly 165 Earth years. Neptune is occasionally barely visible to the naked eye, and is so faint, that even with binoculars looks like a pale star. With a powerful telescope, it looks like a green disk. It has four known rings and 8 known moons. Voyager 2 also passed by Neptune in 1989, nearly ten years after it was launched. Most of what we know was learned during this pass. The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud Next, we come to the Kuiper Belt  (pronounced KIGH-per Belt). Its a  disk-shaped deep-freeze containing icy debris. It lies beyond the orbit of Neptune.   Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) populate the region and are sometimes called Edgeworth Kuiper Belt objects, and sometimes are also referred to as transneptunian objects (TNOs.) Probably the most famous KBO is Pluto the dwarf planet. It  takes 248 years to orbit the Sun and lies some 5.9 billion kilometers away.  Pluto can only be seen through large telescopes. Even the Hubble Space Telescope can only make out the largest features on Pluto. Its the only planet not yet visited by a spacecraft. The  New Horizons mission  swept past Pluto on July 15, 2015 and returned the first-ever closeup looks at Pluto, and is now on its way to explore MU 69, another KBO.   Far beyond the Kuiper Belt lies the Oà ¶rt Cloud, a collection of icy particles that stretches out about 25 percent of the way to the next star system. The Oà ¶rt Cloud (named for its discoverer, astronomer Jan Oà ¶rt) supplies most of the comets in the solar system; they orbit out there until something knocks them into a headlong rush toward the Sun.   The end of the solar system brings us to the end of Astronomy 101. We hope you enjoyed this taste of astronomy and encourage you to explore more at Space.About.com! Updated and edited by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Excessive Amount Of Asphaltene Deposition Essay - 1205 Words

An excessive amount of asphaltene deposition may result in a severe formation damage and sometimes blocking the flow path as seen in Figure 6c. Therefore, the injected solvent cannot further diffuse deep into the matrix (due severe to asphaltene deposition) and eventually causes injectivity problem. In this study, C5 injection resulted in the high amount of asphaltene deposition in porous media (11.4 % per Figure 7) and it could block the main flow path, the fracture (as seen in Figure 6c). The pressure profiles of C5 injection shown in Figure 8 can also explain the formation damage caused by severe asphaltene deposition. At early time-stage of solvent injection, solvent mainly diffuses into the oil within the fracture path (while diffusing into the matrix as well) and recovered most of the oil in this area (up to 80 minutes in Figure 8). Thereafter, the solvent is occupied the whole fracture and due to the concentration gradient between the solvent and matrix’s oil, the solve nt diffused into the matrix, dilute the oil by precipitation and deposition of asphaltene. Continuing solvent injection resulted in more asphaltene deposition in the matrix and especially fracture-matrix interface (where the highest concentration gradient is) that eventually cause the formation damage and reduce the injectivity. This can be seen in Figure 7 from time 90 minutes to 280 minutes where the injection pressure increased until the time that was no injection at all (after about 280 minutes).

Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999? Answer: Introduction This paper also defines the key issues in the study and summarizes the history and the need for a development of the biodiversity protection. The paper also outlines the aims and objectives of the policies and how they have helped to contain the situation and to protect biodiversity in the country. The report also contains a detailed critical review of the policies that have been put in place to protect biodiversity. The final part of the report contains recommendations and a brief conclusion to give a general summary of the issues that have been identified in the study. This report analyzes the biodiversity policies in Australia. The report discusses the policies that the government has put in place to protect biodiversity. Biodiversity can generally be described as the variability of life on the earth. United Nations Environment Program describes biodiversity as a measure of variation at eh genetic level, species and ecosystems level. This report, therefore, evaluates the policies and programs that have been put in place to help protect, ecosystems, genetics, and species in Australia. Definition of key issues The issues that this report seeks to evaluate include the policies that the government of Australia has been able to design in order to facilitate and support bio-banking. Biodiversity banking and offset scheme under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 was started in August 2017(Ansell, Gibson salt, 2016). The aim of this legislation was to address the loss of biodiversity values due to degradation of habitats. Biodiversity banking is a market-based scheme that provides a streamlined biodiversity assessment process that enables a rigorous scheme that helps owners of land to get income by managing land for conservation (Australian biological resources study, 2010). This works by generating biodiversity credits by landowners who commit themselves to protecting values of biodiversity on their own land by signing the bio banking agreement. The credits generated over time can be sold to generate money to help manage their land. An ecological community is a natural group of plants, ani mals and other organisms which are native interact with the unique natural habitat. Types of ecological communities include;forests, wetlands, marine, woodlands, grasslands, ground springs and cave communities. Native plants and animals in an ecological community play different roles and they interact differently to contribute to a healthy environment. The functioning of these contributes to the better productivity of land and water which benefits the society in general. History of biodiversity and the need for its development Biodiversity has been a subject of discussion in the environment circles over the years. The concept of biodiversity was conceived by Walter Rosen of the National Academy of Science (NAS) in the year 1985. During this period, there was a great concern for conservation both among the scientist and the society in general. This resulted in the formation of the society for conservation Biology (SCB) in the year 1985. In the year 1987, the society published the first journal of titled Conservation Biology (Lindenmayer Gibbons, 2012). The biodiversity is unevenly distributed throughout the earth and its rich in the tropical areas. The latitude gradients of places also determine the biodiversity of a place. Marine biodiversity is high among coastlines where there are many sea creatures and insects. Changes in environmental conditions can be extinction in plants and animals. The number of species remaining on earth is estimated to be between 10 million and 14 million. There is a great need for development in biodiversity because of the increasing threat that the species and the ecological communities are facing. Policies that are similar to those of Australia in regard to biodiversity The policies of the United Kingdom in regard to conservation and protection of biodiversity are very similar to those of Australia. These policies are driven by different frameworks, legislation and agreements. The UK became the first country in the year 1994 to produce a national biodiversity action plan(UK BAP). This was done to fulfill its commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity(Steffen, 2010). The country also produced a framework on Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework which is supported by the legislation of all member countries. The country has also determined a set of biodiversity indicators to help in measuring the level of threat to biodiversity and the achievements made in conserving biodiversity. The other country that has similar policies to those of Australia is the United States. In the USA, the term biodiversity is not commonly used and the common term is natural heritage. This legislation includes the Species protection law, forestry law, and the Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). The Coastal Zone Management Act is also an important law helping to preserve biodiversity in the United States. Countries in the European Union such as France and Norway have very good legislation and policies which help to protect biodiversity in their country. These policies are also similar to Australia. They have frameworks and strategic plans which guide them in implementing the legislation to help preserve and conserve biodiversity. Aims and objectives of biodiversity policy review The aims of this policy review are to help determine the steps that have been made in regard to the biodiversity conservation and preservation. The review also helps to evaluate the policies and framework that have been put in place to help protect biodiversity over the years. This report also helps in identifying how these policies have worked to help achieve the desired goals (Lindenmayer, Burns, Thurgate, Lowe, 2013). This report also seeks to identify loopholes in the existing legislation and make recommendations on the improvements that can be made. Assessment of the policies and their effectiveness Australia has very concrete and clear policies that help to conserve species, genetics and ecological communities. These policies and legislation have been developed and transformed over the years to help come up with a very effective means of protecting biodiversity in Australia and the whole world. This paper mainly focuses on bio banking and ecological communities protection. The Biodiversity banking and offset scheme were developed under the Biodiversity Conservation Act of 2016. This is one of the major frameworks that Australia has put in place to help in bio banking. The priority/aims and objectives of this legislation are to help protect endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. This legislation was motivated by the high rates of extinction among animals and plants as well as ecological communities. The habitats of these animals and plants have also been destroyed over time due to changes in climate and due to human interference (Bradstock, Williams, Gill, 2012). The scheme on biodiversity and banking was introduced by the government to help deal with the great loss of biodiversity values. These values include threatened species and ecological community due to degradation of their environment. This scheme provided an opportunity for land owners to earn income by managing and conserving their own land according to the standards provided in the scheme. When these farmers commit to protect the values of biodiversity in the land which they own and carry out their farming activities, they earn biodiversity credits having signed bio banking agreements. These credits can be sold to other farmers or any client willing to offset the carbon sequestration levels in their land or region. This policy has worked very well in helping individual citizens to be involved in the preservation of biodiversity. This ensures that it is not the government agencies only being involved in conservation effort but also farmers across the country. The reward scheme which helps farmers to generate income will help this policy to be very effective in conserving biodiversity through bio banking. The implementation of this policy began in August 2017 and therefore it's difficult to determine its level of success. The government has also put various policies and legislation to help protect threatened ecological communities Australia such as The environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1991 (EPBC). The ecological communities protected under this law include the Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens, Littoral Rain forest and the Weeping Myall Woodlands. It is important to protect the ecological communities due to the combination of landscapes and seas which helps to provide a very conducive environment. The protection of ecological communities also brings about an increase in tourism and productivity of the land. The threatened ecological species include the wetlands and bushy savannas which have been placed under threat over the years since colonial times. An ecological community is listed when the community becomes almost extinct. This may happen due to various reasons such as bush fires, climate change, and d iversion of water channels, pollution and development of urban areas. There are three categories of listing ecological communities (TECs). They include; critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable. The listing process of ecological communities is very rigorous and strict which involves various stakeholders and experts. The listing mostly depends on the advice Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC). The listing of ecological communities has helped to achieve tremendous success. The listing has helped to identify the ecological communities under pressure of extinction due to various reasons. This gives extra protection to the listed ecological communities and more resources are allocated to help protect these communities. The extra protection given to the species living in this ecological community ensures that multiplication of these species. The policies also help to ensure appropriate land use practices which help in preventing environmental degradation. However, despi te the achievements of these policies in helping to protect biodiversity and ecological communities in Australia the policies have not completely achieved the goals and objectives which they were created to fulfill. Despite the policies in legislation, many of the countries wetlands have experienced interference from human beings and hence destroying the natural environment. The marine ecology has also come under increased threat due to pollution of the sea and other activities in the sea which have led to the destruction of sea creatures. Conclusion From the report, it is evident that improvements need to be done on the policies already in place in order to help protect the biodiversity. The following are the recommendations to help protect biodiversity in Australia. The bio banking scheme should be expanded to help include more farmers in this scheme. This will help to ensure the preservation of biodiversity in the country. The government should also devolve the biodiversity protection effort in order to ensure the protection effort happen from the grassroots level. People should be educated and trained more on the importance of conserving biodiversity and protecting the environment. The report has analyzed the policies and legislation that have been put in place in order to protect the biodiversity. The major legislation protecting the environment in Australia is the EPBC Act of 1999. The aims and objectives of the policies and the policy review are clearly stated in the report. The report will help the ministry of environment to develop policies that will help to improve the protection of the biodiversity and the environment in Australia. References Australian biological resources study (abrs). (2010). Focusing on the landscape. Biodiversity in australias? national reserve system. Canberra, abrs. Ansell, d., gibson, f., salt, d. (2016). Learning from agri-environment schemes in australia: Investing in biodiversity and other ecosystem services on farms. Http://proxy.cm.umoncton.ca/login?Url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1d10hdp. Armiero, m., sedrez, l. (2014). A history of environmentalism: Local struggles, global histories. Http://site.ebrary.com/id/10868232. Biodiversity news. (2012). Biodiversity, 13(2), pp.127-131. Breeden, s., breeden, k. (2011). Wildflower country: Discovering biodiversity in australia's southwest. Fremantle, w.a., fremantle press. Julien, m. H., mcfadyen, r. E., cullen, j. M. (2012). Biological control of weeds in australia. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=871257 Bradstock, r. A., williams, r. J., gill, a. M. (2012). Flammable australia: Fire regimes, biodiversity and ecosystems in a changing world. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Lindenmayer, d., gibbons, p. (2012). Biodiversity monitoring in australia. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Lindenmayer, d., burns, e., thurgate, n., lowe, a. (2013). Biodiversity and environmental change: Monitoring, challenges and direction. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1605162. Macdonald, d. W., willis, k. J. (2013). Key topics in conservation biology 2. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1124631. Schoonjans, r. And luttik, r. (2014). Editorial: Specifying biodiversity-related protection goals for environmental risk assessment. Efsa journal, 12(6), p.e14062. Steffen, w. (2010). Australia's biodiversity and climate change. Melbourne, csiro publishing.

The Problems Encountered of Accounting Students free essay sample

Your friendship makes my life a wonderful experience. Aira Angelica M. Cendana DEDICATION Trust in the Lord with all your heart and learn not on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him and he shall direct your paths. I bring back all my praises and glory to almighty God, for his unending guidance, blessing and love that lead to the completion and success of this Thesis. With sincerity, I convey my heartfelt gratitude to the following person for sharing their valuable ideas for the improvement of Thesis. First of all I want to thank my beloved and well supportive mother Mrs. Nenita Miranda, my brother and sister Ate Noemi, Ate Fe and Kuya Alex. For their support that served as my endless inspiration in struggling in seeking my dream of obtaining my chosen profession. To my grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunties who also extended their generosity, pieces of advice and prayer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Problems Encountered of Accounting Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To my special someone who is always there to support me. This simple work is lovingly dedicated to all of you. Leo T. Miranda DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to the following persons who have been part of the success of this research work. To my family my friends and to my love one who gave me inspiration in life Most of all to our God by giving me grace and who showered me blessings and strength and ordered to finish my studies. Thank you for giving me a chance to fulfil my dreams. Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Aira Angelica M. Cendana Address:Christine Village Cauayan City, Isabela Age:21 Gender:Female Date of Birth:January 21, 1992 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Methodist Civil Status:Single Parents Father:Arnel A. Cendana Mother:Angelina M. Cendana Educational Background Elementary:Cauayan South Central School Cauayan City, Isabela 2004 Secondary:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan Cauayan City, Isabela 2008 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Address:Pillar Street Cauayan City, Isabela Age:22 Gender:Female Date of Birth:September 20, 1990 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, Isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Roman Catholic Civil Status:Single Parents Mother:Maria Lourdes F. Zorilla Educational Background Elementary:Cauayan South Central School Cauayan City, Isabela 2003 Secondary:Cauayan National High School Cauayan City, Isabela 2007 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Leo T. Miranda Address:San Francisco Cauayan City, Isabela Age:20 Gender:Male Date of Birth:July 29, 1993 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, Isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Roman Catholic Civil Status:Single Parents Father:Alexander Miranda Mother:Nenita Miranda Educational Background Elementary:San Francisco Elementary School Cauayan City, Isabela 2005 Secondary:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2009 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan Cauayan Campus (Main) / San Manuel Campus Cauayan City, Isabela / San Manuel, Isabela (078)652-2602*652-3310*897-1475 Telefax (078)652-0685*664-6089 Email [emailprotected] net/[emailprotected] com Website: www. olpcc. du. ph APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology, this research work entitled â€Å"Working Relationship Of Casual Employees Of City Environment And Natural Resources Office In Cauayan City Hall† has been prepared and submitted by Aira Angelica M. Cendana Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Leo T. Miranda are hereby recommende d for approval. FRANKLIN L. SORIANO, Ph. D. Adviser Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology. NUEVER L. MARIANO, CPA Department Head