The History of Heineken Essay Example

The History of Heineken Essay The history of Heineken The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing groups. Today Charlene de CarvalhoHeineken is delegate member of the Board of directors of Heineken Holding N. V. 864 22-year-old businessman Gerard Adriaan Heineken purchases the The Haystack brewery, the largest in the region. He demands and receives full control of shares, realising that sweeping and rapid changes are needed. 1868 To meet increasing consumer demand, a new brewery is built in Amsterdam at the Buitensingel. 1869 Gerard Heineken decides to switch from traditional top fermentation to the Bavarian method of bottom fermentation, a totally different te chnique that produces a clearer, purer beer, which keeps longer. The new beer is known for its quality and is called Gentlemans Beer as opposed to Workmans Ale. A decade of fierce competition begins, with several new breweries competing for the highquality beer market. Heineken must again start making cheaper workmans beers and gets into the business of cafes, hotels, and beer houses to secure purchasers. Brewers take on the role of banks, providing credit and extravagant extra benefits to win over clients. 1870 Due to the Franco-Prussian war, imports of Bavarian beer dry up, causing Heinekens sales to skyrocket. 1873 Heinekens Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij N. V. (Heineken Breweries or HBM) is incorporated. Gerard Heineken is appointed President and the name Haystack is replaced by Heineken. The brewery stops producing workmans beer. 1874 After merging the previous year with Oranjeboom breweries, a state-of-the-art brewery is built in Rotterdam. With a work-floor of 3000 square metres, it is one of the most expensive and innovative facilities of its day. 1875 Heineken beer wins a gold medal at the International Exposition in Paris and regular shipments to the French capital begin. Among others, the Folies Bergere signs up to receive an annual 2000 hectolitres. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heineken continues to expand, struggling between concessions to the market and its belief in the high quality, and price, standards that put it on the map in the first place. Continuing with Gerard Heinekens philosophy that, A good product is recommended by its use alone, the company refuses to deploy advertising seriously, seeing it as useless and rather low-class. Technical breakthroughs ultimately provide a critical edge. 1880 Heineken sales top 64,000 hectolitres. The company is now the biggest exporter to France, and in particular Paris, which is fast becoming the capital of the nineteenth-century. 881 Cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Amsterdam, terminating dependence on natural ice. In 1883, cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 1886 Doctor Elion, a student of Louis Pasteur, develops the A-yeast strain, still used today to give Heineken its characteristic flavour. 1889 The innovations begin to pay off: the brewery is awarded the gold medal of honour at the World Exhibition in Paris, where Heineken beer is supplied to the Eiffel tower restaurant. This award crowns the quality-focused policies of Gerard Heineken and director Wilhelm Feltmann. It is an age of great innovation, and one improvement quickly follows another. The innovations are not only technical: industrial buildings like breweries are already being recognised as important works of architecture in their own right. The labour movement also begins to make its presence felt on the work floor. 1890 Electric lighting is installed at the Amsterdam brewery. 1893 Gerard Adriaan Heineken dies. Under the direction of Gerard Heineken and Wilhelm Feltmann, HBM has grown in its first twenty years from a small company to a large-scale industry. The groundwork has been laid for future expansion. 1894 The end of an epoch: despite master brewer Feltmanns hopes for his own son to take the position, J. D. A. Petersen becomes the new director. He later marries Gerards widow Mary Tindal, becoming stepfather of the eight-year-old Henry Pierre Heineken. 1899 The barrel-makers submit a request for a wage increase, marking the beginning of a long process of workers rights negotiations. As the business consolidates its hold on markets, employers come under increasing pressure from workers demanding explicit agreements and better treatment. Petersen resists pressure from old-style managers and strives for dialogue, which ultimately results in the first collective labour agreements. 2 / 11 1900 Heineken beer is honoured with a special Jury Prize in Paris. Sales of beer brewed under Heinekens auspices increase to 200,000 hectolitres. 1901 The year sees the first major strike and call for a boycott by workers. Negotiations result in a rise in the minimum wage and pay for overtime. 1904 A day of rest on Sunday is introduced. 1909 The first collective bargaining agreements are established. In Rotterdam, this means a 54hour week and four days off a year. As a compromise, workers no longer receive four free litres of beer a week. Henry Heineken comes of age and takes over the helm. He and his team represent a new generation of leaders. With both academic credentials and practical experience, they pioneer a new management style: socially aware and outward looking. 1912 Competition between well-established major breweries again increases to fever pitch. Heineken responds by reducing the price slightly and concentrating on on-premises sales. 1914 Henry Heineken obtains a seat on the Executive Board. Heineken welcomes its first woman employee, a telephone operator. Sales of beer brewed under the supervision of Heineken have now climbed to 300,000 hectolitres: 30% more than the beginning of the century The company begins efforts to expand to Asia. In the United States, alcohol is banned and will remain so throughout the decade. Modern communication and advertising come into its own as Heineken moves into foreign markets. An international springboard is created for future global expansion. 1923 Heineken is one of the first Dutch companies to establish a non-contributory pension fund for employees. 1927 H. R. H. Prince Hendrik grants HBM the rights to His Coat of Arms. H. R. H. Queen Wilhelmina grants HBM the rights to the Royal Coat of Arms with the title of Royal Purveyor. 1928 An aircraft writes a Heineken ad in the sky above the Olympic Games in Amsterdam: one of the first deeds of Peter Feith, new head of exports. Under his leadership, Heineken will take its first steps towards becoming a truly international company. 1929 3 / 11 Heineken participates for the first time in the construction of a brewery in a tropical region. Building starts in Surabaya in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). The decade of the first great global economic depression sees ignificant international expansion and technical achievements for the company. Heineken moves decisively into the US and Asian markets. It also further expands its social policy: during the crisis, no personnel are fired. Rather, an early retirement scheme is applied for staff age 58 and over. 1931 Heineken and Fraser Neave in Singapore start Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL), now Asia Pacific Br eweries, operating in China, South-East Asia and New Zealand. 1932 Heineken opens a pilot brewery in Rotterdam, enabling the laboratory to test the results of its own activities. This is almost unique and critically important for trying out new modes of operation and instruction, especially for staff from breweries abroad. 1933 The M. S. Statendam transports the first Heineken beer consignment to the United States after Prohibition is lifted. This marks the beginning of Heinekens rising popularity in the United States. 1937 The Heineken Foundation for Personnel is established to provide extra support to employees in the years of the Great Depression. 1939 Heineken is listed on the stock market. The Foundation of the Central Brewery Organisation is established, initiated by Heineken. Its aim is to ensure a unified response by brewers during the impending war. The Organisation ultimately prevented disbanding of breweries and requisitioning of workers. World War II provokes a continuous decline in beer quality and production as breweries in the Netherlands are deprived of raw materials. As the war ends, the first signs of spectacular international expansion set in. Henrys successor, Alfred Freddy Heineken, enters the business as a sales promoter in the US, where he will develop the marketing expertise to later internationalise the company in the 1950s and 60s. 940 Henry Heineken resigns from the Executive Board and is appointed Delegate Member of the Supervisory Council (until 1951). 1942 Alfred Henry Heineken, grandson of the founder Gerard Adriaan Heineken and son of Henry Heineken, officially begins his career with the company. 1948 Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands grants the rights to his Coat of Arms to HBM. 4 / 11 1949 The Netherlands transfers sovereignty to the new Indonesian government. The Surabaya brewery becomes Heinekens Indonesian Brewery Company. On the international markets, the reputation of the Heineken brand name gains strength. In 1954, Alfred Heineken acquires the majority of shares in the company and begins a radical modernisation. With an ardent belief in brand and marketing, he sets about proving his conviction that beer can travel: its the beginning of a truly effective global marketing policy. 1953 The brewery De Sleutel (The Key) in Dordrecht is taken over by Heineken. De Sleutel, established in 1433, is the oldest industrial enterprise in the Netherlands. The brewery continues as a producer of dark beers until its closure in 1969. 1954 The rapidly growing popularity of beer dramatically influences Heinekens domestic and export sales volumes. The Board decides to build a new brewery in s Hertogenbosch. 1957 The Indonesian Government appropriates the Heineken brewery at Surabaya from 1957 until 1967. In 1967 Heineken resumes operations of the brewery, which ultimately takes the name Multi Bintang Indonesia. 1959 In order to meet the increasing demand for Heineken beer, the company embarks on a substantial extension of the brewery in s Hertogenbosch. Aba, Boma, Kumasi, Kisangani, Moundou The motto during the 1950s and 60s is: Build and Brew. By 1960, Heineken is the market leader in Africa, and is making giant strides elsewhere. Refinement of the companys visual design and brand identity continue; notable progress includes a clear international logo. 1961 The Kumasi Brewery in Ghana opens. Heineken owns or has an interest in 4 breweries in the Netherlands and 24 abroad, including properties in Egypt, Italy, Venezuela, Angola and the Belgian Congo (today Zaire). 1963 The Heineken Foundation is established to give a bi-annual award to outstanding scientists in the field of biochemistry, including microbiology and the germinating physiology of seeds. 1964 A new international logo is introduced, for labels, coasters and other visual designs. Among these are the famous Heineken lips, the two red semi-circles enclosing the black stripe and name on the coaster. The style has remained the international icon by which the brand is still known. 1967 The first fully automated filling line for draught beer is installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 5 / 11 Simultaneously, a new keg type with a built-in extractor tube, the Sankey keg, that fits the new filling line, is put into use. It will be introduced gradually in the whole country. Heineken also embarks upon computerised data processing. 1968 Heineken takes over Amstel Brouwerij N. V. as well as soft drinks producer Vrumona N. V. in Bunnik (the Netherlands), thus securing its share in the Netherlands internal market, which is heavily under threat from foreign competitors. The first Heineken advertisements appear on TV. Increasingly at home in the world, Heineken is still a foreign guest in Europe. While it has a top position as an import in the premium segment of the market, it is not dominant in the European market as a whole. Alfred Heineken develops a strategy to change that and begins producing beer within European countries. 971 Alfred Heineken is appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. A glance at Heineken abroad reveals an expanding roster of interests: Malayan Breweries in Singapore; Perusahaan Bir Indonesia; bottle manufacturers Boukin in Zaire; Bralima, Zaire; Bralirwa, Ruanda; Brarudi, Burundi; Brasserie de Brazzaville in the Peoples Republic of Congo; Kumasi Brewery in Ghana; Nigerian Breweries; Ibecor in Brussels; Antilliaanse Brouwerij, Curacao ; Brasserie Lorraine, Martinique; Surinaamse Brouwerij in Paramaribo; Athenian Brewery in Athens; and Albert Maltings in Belgium. 972 Heineken acquires a majority participating interest in the share capital of Holding Company lEsperance, which was the French ALBRA group, then the third largest brewing group in France. 1973 On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the company, the Executive Board donates NLG 100,000 to three social-medical organisations located in cities in the Netherlands that have Heineken breweries. 1979 Official inauguration by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands of the distillery (with grain-alcohol roasting house) in Zoetermeer. Heineken increases its participation in the Dreher Group (Italy) from 90% to nearly 100%. When Heinekens interest in the French brewing group ALBRA increases to 100%. , ALBRA is renamed Heineken France S. A. Heineken achieves broad market leadership in Europe through many acquisitions, and finetunes its communication and products to appeal to consumers in each local culture. These vary hugely: the English are used to weak dark ales; the Italians still have mainly a wine culture; the three Swiss language regions each have their own different expectations. Heineken becomes a fixture in traditional bars from Dublin to Geneva. 1980 A first installation based on reversed osmosis (hyper filtration) considerably improves water processing in Europe. 6 / 11 1982 The Amstel brewery in Amsterdam closes down. Production is transferred to the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude. Heineken takes over Brouwerij de Ridder B. V. in Maastricht (the Netherlands). Heineken doubles its participation in a number of companies in Central Africa by acquiring shares already issued. 1983 The company enters into brewing cooperation in Brazil with Coca-Cola bottlers, producing Kaiser beer. Today Cervejaria Kaiser is the third brewing group of Brazil. Kirin Brewery Company Ltd. starts to brew Heineken under license in Japan. 1988 This year is marked by a joint venture via Asia Pacific Breweries with third parties in the Mila Brewery in Shanghai (China) and the introduction of Buckler alcohol-free beer in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Ireland. 1989 Alfred Freddy Heineken retires from the Board, having reached the age limit laid down in the companys Articles of Association. He is appointed Chairman and Delegated Member of the Supervisory Council. Heineken has become the second largest brewer in the world with the worlds most international brand, selling in over 170 countries. The core values upon which it was built consistent top quality, engaging people through their own culture, and also its social awareness have allowed the company to renew itself over and again. 1991 Heineken takes over Van Munching Co. , its sole importer in the United States. This ends the remarkable lifetime contracts awarded Leo van Munching and his son in 1960 in recognition of their achievement as the first and only US importers of Heineken. Leo sr. was initially appointed in 1945. Through his work, Heineken became a best-loved import in the US, an achievement that remains as unique as his contract. 1992 Operations in the former Eastern Bloc and other communist countries gather steam. Heineken increases its interest in Komaromi Sorgyar RT in Hungary to 55. 3%. 1994 Heineken acquires a 24. 9% participating interest in the Polish brewery, Zywiec S. A. Zywiec has a leading position in the premium segment of the Polish beer market, three breweries with a total production capacity of 1. million hectolitres, and a share of 7% of the Polish beer market. An agreement is signed with Hainan Brewery Co. Ltd. (HBCL) for the construction of a brewery on Hainan Island in China. 1998 The Heineken University is opened. This is a training infrastructure designed for the optimal use and expansion of know-how and experience within the company. 7 / 11 1999 In the Netherlands, the Heineken brand is voted Brand of the Century and Alfred Henry Heineken is proclaimed Advertiser of the century. 000 Heineken receives the King William I Prize for Dutch Entrepreneurship. This prestigious prize is awarded once every two years to a large Dutch company that has attracted attention due to impressive entrepreneurial activities and important contributions to the economy, employment, prosperity and the entrepreneurial reputation of the Netherlands. Heineken expands its operations in China, Nigeria, Sweden, Belgium, Slovakia and Spain. 2001 The festive opening of the Heineken Experience in the former brewery on the Stadhouderskade in Amsterdam takes place. To honour this event, Heineken N. V. publishes the book, The Magic of Heineken. 2002 The Heineken Company respectfully marks the death of its leader Alfred ‘Freddy’ Heineken at the beginning of the year. As a true entrepreneur, Freddy Heineken is credited with making Heineken into the truly international company it is today. 2003 The acquisition of Brau-Beteiligungs A. G. (BBAG) in Austria, the largest acquisition in the history of Heineken, significantly extends the lead of Heineken in Europe, where Heineken was already the largest brewer. Through this acquisition, Heineken is now also market leader in Austria, Romania, and Hungary and consolidates leading positions and brand portfolios in Poland and the Czech Republic. 2004 The business is further shaped through acquisitions and joint ventures, ensuring the creation of value. In Russia and China the position of Heineken is strengthened through acquisitions and in the USA an agreement is concluded with FEMSA in Mexico to distribute their strongly growing brands. In South Africa, Brandhouse is launched, a joint venture with Diageo and Namibia Breweries. In Australia Heineken enters in to a joint venture with Lion Nathan. The first comprehensive sustainability award is published for the period 2002-2003, presenting a thorough and broad overview of activities worldwide. In recognition of the continuous focus on corporate sustainability, Heineken is awarded the prestigious Dutch ACC Award for best sustainability report. 2005 Heineken acquires a number of breweries in Germany and Russia. Also in 2005, Heineken introduces a new light Heineken beer to the US market. This new beer, Heineken Premium Light Lager, is brewed in the same high quality tradition as the original Heineken, but is lighter in taste and has fewer calories and carbohydrates. The US light market represents half of the total US beer market and is still growing. 8 / 11 Heineken also introduces its portable draught beer system, the Heineken DraughtKeg. DraughtKeg allows consumers to experience a premium quality draught beer at virtually any drinking occasion. Heineken launched this innovation in France and in the USA in May 2005, followed by the introduction in the Netherlands. The portable DraughtKeg has been developed for consumers who like to share and enjoy a quality draught beer in or outdoors and is relevant to the various beer cultures worldwide. In 2005 the Executive Committee is introduced. The two members of the Executive Board, the five Regional Presidents and five Group Directors together form the Executive Committee, which supports the development of policies and ensures the alignment and implementation of key priorities and strategies across the organisation. 006 Heineken acquires a number of breweries through Asia Pacific Breweries; the Fosters brewing assets in Vietnam and Quang Nam Brewery in Central Vietnam. A further business in the developing market of India and an acquisition in Laos are announced. Heineken also acquired shares in the Tunesian company, Societe de Production et de Distribution des Boissons. In 2006, Heineken continues to put into practice the belief that flatter and less complex management structures are essential to inc rease the speed at which decisions are taken and implemented across the business. That was the clear thinking behind the creation of the Executive Committee and a smaller Executive Board in 2005. The speedy roll-out of DraughtKeg early in its life cycle and the further investment in production; the accelerated integration of the Russian business; the centralisation of the IT function; these are all excellent examples of having brought that belief into practice. 2007 Heineken and Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (‘FEMSA’) extend their existing three-year relationship in the United States for a period of ten years, effective 1 January 2008. Heineken USA continues to be the sole and exclusive importer, marketer and seller of the FEMSA beer brands, Dos Equis, Tecate, Tecate Light, Sol, Bohemia and Carta Blanca, in the USA. Heineken and Carlsberg confirm their intention to make an offer for the entire issued share capital of Scottish Newcastle plc. Through the deal, Heineken will ultimately obtain a number 1 position in the UK and number 2 positions in the key markets of Portugal, Ireland, Finland and Belgium, as well as greater exposure to developing markets and segments, with positions in India and the US import market. Heineken acquires Krusovice Brewery in the Czech Republic from Radeberger Gruppe KG. As a result of this transaction, the market share of Heineken in the Czech Republic increases to 8 per cent, with total volumes of over 1. 6 million hectolitres, improving Heineken’s position in the market to number three. Heineken acquires the Rodic Brewery, in Novi Sad, Serbia and of the Syabar Brewing Company, in Bobruysk, Belarus. Rodic was established in 2003 and employs 282 people. The Rodic Brewery facility is a state-of-the-art, 1. million hectolitre brewery, located in Novi 9 / 11 Sad, northern Serbia. The company’s portfolio consists of the beer brands MB Premium, MB Pils and Master. 2008 The cash offer for the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle becomes effective. The closure of the transaction is the start of an exciting new era for Heineken, strengthening the position in Western Europe. The Company will accelerate the process of uniting people, brands and best practice from both Heineken and SN to create a single, stronger, more competitive business. Heineken’s acquisition of parts of SN includes businesses, licences and investments in Belgium, Finland, India, Ireland, Portugal, the UK and the US, with core brands including Foster’s, Kronenbourg 1664, John Smith’s, Newcastle Brown Ale, Sagres, Lapin Kulta, Maes and Beamish. In 2008, Heineken also announces a number of other acquisitions: Tango Brewery in Algiers, Algeria; the Romanian brewer Bere Mures; Drinks Union in the Czech Republic; Rechitsa Brewery in South Eastern Belarus; and the beverage division of Eichhof in Switzerland. Heineken also opens a brand new brewery in Seville, Spain. Heineken launches the first global, interactive responsible drinking campaign, called ‘Know The Signs’. Our aim is for consumers to engage and interact with this campaign rather than passively watch a one-way piece of communication. By making it possible to interact with this campaign we believe we are more likely to be successful in raising awareness of overconsumption of alcohol. 009 Heineken and United Breweries Limited (UBL), India’s leading brewer, create a strong partnership that will drive growth in one of the world’s fastest-growing and most exciting beer markets. Through the transaction, Heineken gains joint majority control of India’s number 1 brewer, UBL and agree terms for the brewing and distribution of the Heineken brand in India. As part of the new agreement, Heineken acquires Asia Pacific Breweries(APB) India and in a subsequent transaction transfer this into UBL during 2010. In 2009, Heineken ® endorses the United Nations CEO Water Mandate. This United Nationsled initiative encourages companies to play a more active role in solving issues related to water availability and quality. The signing of the CEO Water Mandate by Jean-Francois van Boxmeer re-confirms Heineken’s existing commitment to both sustainability and water management. In 2009, Heineken also announces the Heineken Africa Foundation to support and enhance the improvement of health for the people who live in the Sub-Saharan African communities where Heineken operates. The Heineken Africa Foundation supports health projects and health-related education. Heineken has taken this initiative to underpin its long-standing commitment to Africa. Following the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle in 2008, Heineken’s UK business marks the completion of integration with a change in name. The switch to Heineken UK is the beginning of an exciting, new chapter in the history of the UK business and a significant milestone for Heineken. 10 / 11 010 Heineken announces that it has completed the acquisition of the beer businesses of Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (FEMSA), following approval from all relevant anti-trust authorities and shareholders of Heineken N. V. , Heineken Holding N. V. and FEMSA. Heineken will execute the integration strategy it has developed in collaboration with the local management teams. The new management teams in Mexico and Brazil are announced; the newly acquired businesses forms part of the Heineken Americas region. In 2010, Heineken also announces a new, 10 year Sustainability agenda and goals. The commitments and plans are outlined in Amsterdam as part of a symposium1 on sustainable development. The company’s new approach to sustainability is characterised by an integrated ‘green’ vision for all aspects of its operations. It has set clear targets and adopted innovative ways at looking at its business processes. With its new agenda, Heineken recognises the role it should play in creating a better future and delivering across all its operations. 11 / 11

Starbucks Coffee Company Analysis

Starbucks Coffee Company Analysis Starbucks is the leading roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world and was founded in 1971 and based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 11,168 stores in 44 countries. Starbucks sells drip-brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, Tazo teas, snacks and items such as mugs, and of course, their well renowned coffee beans. Within the last month, Starbucks has also launched a new instant coffee to compete in even more markets. This paper is an overview of the Starbucks Coffee Company and will provide recommendations regarding price, production, and composition of inputs.Company OverviewStarbucks Coffee Company began in 1971 out of Seattle, WA. The company opened the first store in Seattle's famous Pikes Place Market. In the mid 1980s Starbucks tested the concept of the small espresso bars and they were a huge hit. Between 1985 and 1991, Starbucks changed its name to Starbucks Coffee Company and acquired more than 100 stores. English: Starbucks' headquarters building in Seatt...In 2002, Starbucks owned and operated over 5,000 stores and by the end of 2007, the company owned and operated more than 14,000 stores (Starbucks, 2008).Starbucks as a company has taken years to become this industrious. This is in part to the key management and staff members that are in place at each Starbucks coffee store all over the world. All Starbucks employees undergo extensive training to ensure the customer experience is exceptional. Starbucks has also invested time and money in all types of coffee machine technology to improve productivity and product quality, which has allowed them to continue doing extremely well as a company. Part of their success has been due to their capital investment in all types of machinery regarding coffee, not only to make coffee at their stores but also to produce the actual coffee...

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Effects of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Research Paper Example With regard to healing and treatment, ADHD is primarily treated by using appropriate drug therapy or psychiatric guidance and counseling. Several controversies on ADHD are largely based on whether it is over or under diagnosed and treated. ADHD is a chronic mental health problem that is disturbing, and which may affect several aspects of a person’s life. It causes academic problems, affects an individual’s social skills, and can negatively affect the parent-child relationships. It also affects an individual’s overactivity by reducing it such that an individual is inactive, impulsiveness, inattention, and internally restless.   ADHD has an effect of distorting an individual’s self-perception and self-image (Nigg, 2006). It disrupts an individual’s self-development as well as making one be antisocial and extremely aggressive. According to Nigg (2006), individuals with ADHD portray extremely oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) that is characterized by the existence of strikingly defiant, provocative behavior, disobedient, and by the lack of harsher dissocial or violent acts that infringe the law or the constitutional rights of others. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might impact on all the aspects of a child’s life. Certainly, it also affects parents and siblings hence causing trouble for most families and it has impacted on the marital functioning. The undesirable effects of ADHD on families and children change from the period of preschool years and it continues throughout primary school and to adolescence, with varying characteristics of the disorder becoming outstanding at diverse stages. ADHD may also continue into adulthood causing disturbance to both personal and professional life. ADHD has been also related to a high cost in health care for the sick and their family members. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, devastating disorder which can result in too many effects in various aspects of a person’s life. This includes difficulties in academics, stressed parent-child relationships, social skills problems and, reduced parenting efficacy, especially when ADHD is comorbid with behavior problems.

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Defining Health And Wellness Health And Social Care Essay

Defining Health And Wellness Health And Social Care Essay In my essay I will discuss how I will cater for my health and wellness ideologies, my definition of health and describe my beliefs about what health is. I will discuss three aspects of the dimensions of health and the factors which could affect my health, what determinants influence my health using the dimensions of health model and explain how I will use that model to assist in my goal towards achieving my optimal health wellness. Being healthy and maintaining wellness means having a body that is in good shape to allow my ideologies of my life suited to the development of an excellent well-being through relationships the community in which I live. My wellness involves giving good care to my physical self, using my mind constructively, expressing my emotions effectively, being creatively involved with those around you, and being concerned about your physical, psychological and spiritual environment. Wellness means more than not being sick; it means taking steps to prevent illness and to lead a richer, more balanced, and more satisfying life. The physical dimension of wellness deals with the functional operation of the body and involves health related components of physical fitness. The people that surround me and my situational environment in its entirety assist me in making sound decisions in relation to my health. My wellness on the other hand I define as my choice to be responsible for the quality and value of for my life. l make conscious decisions to achieve a healthy lifestyle. I choose to make these conscious decisions by a learned throughout my life for which I value today. My mind-set is that I have this powerful tool to use and a predisposition which is in place to lead a satisfying traditional health and wellness. A health wellness modelled today by others within my society. Health and wellness was once characterised as the absence of disability or any form of disease. This is a medical definition or a medical model. However this suggests and ultimately promotes that any person who has a disability cannot at all achieve wellness. However I believe I can achieve wellness if I would opt to function responsibly for improving myself. I am looking at me as the whole, for my health and wellness, refers to the interconnection my body, mind and soul. My engagement in the form of physical activity, exercise, recreation, physical health and wellness also considers ones possible involvement with drug abuse, tobacco usage, and alcohol addiction. Another dimension addresses good mental and emotional health in performing ones daily and specialized activities. This includes continually feeding my mental faculty to acquire more knowledge. Task two I believe health is a unified system of personal performance that is concerned with making the most of the potential to maintain a better health and wellness. This potential requires me to sustain a range of balances and a focused track of ideologies within my environment in which I need to function to maintain homeostasis. Here I will discuss using the dimensions of health model key factors that affect my health. I identify with Edlin and Golantrys health wellness model, holistic health. Using my surroundings, my environment that I live in to maintain my boundaries within my lifestyle and objects and people that surround me to help make me complete with a prospective health wellness. By involving a holistic approach with faith and hope I incorporate my moral beliefs, a moral grounding my learned from my upbringing. I use this as a guide to perform tasks on my mental stability, a feel good approach to wellness. I am emotional and sensitive towards others. My emotional approach I use to support my partner and everyone that crosses my path that are in need of help. Whereas my partner supports what I need to maintain in the practical sense of issues that surround my health and wellness, my physical support. The positive reasoning is that I feel good when those I care about feel good and I have made a difference in their lives. My partner is my rock, my soul mate a stable being in my life that I need to keep me grounded and on task for lifes events that may arise such as undue stressors. Thus maintaining stability mentally I can function on other areas where strength is needed to maintain health wellness within myself as a living soul physically. Without mental stability I feel it would hinder my ability to function on all other levels to maintain an overall stable health wellness. My social stance in the community I believe makes me a holistic being, using the holistic social approach I utilise people from other cultures and genders to meet a standard of need for care and understanding of myself. Understanding my needs and necessities in life leaves no one left out and felling isolated. I am active and expressive in my thoughts spiritually I make my feelings and thoughts obvious and where I dont understand I ask, therefore putting these feelings into thoughts and becoming spiritually aware of my beliefs helps me understand. Becoming more of a helper and trusting within a human care relationship. Encompassing my spirit for strength in times of guidance the same guidance I can use to help maintain my health wellness using expressive, positive and negative feelings within a supportive, protective, and counteractive mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. My faith helps me to identify my purpose in life; helps me to learn how to experience love, joy, peace and fulfillment. The ability to laugh, to enjoy life, to adjust to change, to cope with stress, and to maintain intimate relationships are examples of the emotional dimension of wellness. My family, my pets, my friends keeps me laughing and they bring so much joy to my life. I am maintaining the weight that I want to me, I am eating an even more balanced diet and I am abstaining from any and everything that is harmful to my body and I am definitely staying physically active. In my life I have always had ways to deal with the stress of this life with the help of God, my family, my church family, my friends and even when there is no one around just sitting there holding my cat seems to take away some of my anxiety. The environmental dimension of wellness deals with preservation of natural resources as well as protection of plant and animal wildlife. I am very satisfied with my current lifestyle choice. You have to laugh to keep from crying is so true. Every day you are bombard with so much from this world and if you do not have an outlet or a way to deal with stress, this world can literally drive you crazy. Well I have no problems in that area, being that I have to study everyday since I am in college. Spiritual dimension of wellness involves the development of onetms inner self and onetms soul. Much of my life will be spent at work when I do get out into my career field and I will have to maintain a balance between work time and leisure time. You know that saying A mind is a terrible thing to waste and if you dontmt use your mind it will atrophy. I am taking steps to increase my flexibility level but incorporating it into to my morning devotion and my evening devotion and before and after I do any work in my yard, before and after I go walking or jogging with my family and my dog. And this is where the physical, emotional, social, intellectual spiritual dimens ion of wellness will help me to deal with the stress of working in the health care field.

The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs in Edgar Allen Poe Life

The influence of alcohol and drugs in Edgar Allan Poe’s life â€Å"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dreamed before† (Edgar Allan Poe). Darkness and sadness are strong characteristics of Edgar Allan Poe’s writing. The tragedies during his life, such as the death of his biological and adoptive moms, followed by the death of his young wife Virginia were important factors which formed his gothic style. Poe is known for his drinking problems and use of drugs.Those habits had a big influence in his life and in his works. Family members, classmates, depression and disasters influenced Poe to use alcohol. The possibilities of Poe been an alcoholic increased because of the environment and the society in which he grew up (Scharf, Douglas 3). Genetics probabilities were really high to him too, once his father, David Poe, and his brother Henry Poe had hard drinking problems (Poe, Drugs and Alcoh ol 7).The most part of Poe’s problems as depression and alcoholism appeared more evidently while he was passing the age of mid-twenties (Black, Jamee A. ). His addiction to alcohol started while he was attending the University of Virginia and was introduced to it by classmates (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 9). Depression, heart troubles and a brain lesion were clinically proved and part of Poe’s life (Black, Jamee A. ). Was extremely hard for him to handle with his emotional and physical weaknesses, so to relief his pain he used alcohol as anesthetic (Black, Jamee A. 6). More and more, Poe’s addiction to alcohol was increasing and this over drinking was causing now trouble in different sections of his life.His carrier was one of the first affected starting in June 1835, when the editor of the Southern Literary Messenger gave an opportunity to Poe to work helping with this paper. The people responsible for the paper and the readers really liked Poe’s effort and creativity, but he was fired after arrived repeatedly times drunk at work (Poe, Edgar Allan 2). The madness and depression that Poe felt were increasing as increased his over drinking (Black, Jamee A. 1). Poe went so far that he got into a point that he drank absinthe and brandy which is a really dangerous mixture (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 27).Between the many possible causes of Edgar Allan Poe’s death, his problem with alcohol is really considerable as one important reason of his early death (Scharf, Douglas 1). Even though Poe was completely addicted to alcohol, many times, he tried very hard to fight against his alcoholism. Right after his first long drinking experience, during college, he tried to stay away from it (Black, Jamee A. 3). His drinking times were intermittent and he stayed abstain from alcohol for months in some of those periods (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 8).Promises were made and repeatedly times he said that would never drink again. As one side of Poe tells him that he should stop with alcohol, the other side tells that he should drink to relief his emotional pains and usually he followed this last side once is a lot easier to deal with it (Black, Jamee A. 6). In 1847, Poe’s get extremely hard into drinking, one of the worse times during his whole life, after the death of his young wife Virginia (Hennelly, Mark M. 1). After this event he could stop drinking alcohol anymore (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 14).Other important characteristic of his life is the use of drugs. Some evidences show that Poe really used drugs but for medical benefits in which the doctors gave to him as a medicine (Scharf, Douglas 4). Few doctors believed that Poe was not addicted to drugs and that he just used as written on the medical prescription (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 4). The problems and pains that Poe felt were so hard for him to deal with that he used drugs to forget about all these trouble (Black, Jamee A. 7). Opium was the main drug used by Poe, it made him get it the dream-world (Hennelly, Mark M. 0).While Poe was trying to get away from alcohol were times when he used uncontrolled amounts of Opium (Poe, Drug and Alcohol 2). The use of drugs, even for medical benefits, made him addicted to drugs and this is appointed as one of the cause of Poe’s death (Black, Jamee A. 11). Poe’s works are a visible reflects of his life, history and habits, including the use of alcohol and drugs. Between the large amounts of Poe’s works written in first person is remarkable that couple of his fictions narrators admitted the use of Opium (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 1).Roderick Usher, the narrator of the short story The Fall of the House of Usher, was a depressed man addicted to drugs which cause one of the strongest suspicions of bonds between Poe and his characters (Scharf, Douglas 4). He had a tendency for gothic style after all the tragedies during his life, and he appeared with an irregular behavior when related with women after th e death of Virginia (Poe, Edgar Allan 6). An example of his personal life in his work is showed at the beginning of the poem The Raven when the narrator is reading a book to try to forget someone who he loved and that he lost.Passages of Poe’s stories and poems are seemed as he was having a hallucination while he was writing it, and it’s possible that he was under alcohol and drugs influence (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 5). â€Å"I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity† (Edgar Allan Poe). Alcohol and drugs had expressive influence into Poe’s style and writing. Even though all the troubles caused by those disasters during his life, without them Poe wouldn’t have the characteristics that made him and his works so unique.

“Everyman” and “Doctor Faustus” Essay

Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus are plays. They are written within different time Periods, with Everyman written in the medieval era and Doctor Faustus written in the Renaissance. Everyman and Doctor Faustus are both Morality Plays, these are specifically plays that existed within the Medieval period. They were popular during this period as they were intended to instruct the audience in the Christian way and attitudes to life. The morality play is essentially an allegory written in dramatic form. In the fourteenth Century, morality plays were mainly based on the seven deadly sins as in Everyman with each character representing each sin. Everyman centers around allegory. It focuses on the allegorical representations of moral issues with the inclusion of figures that represent abstractions of the issues that are confronted. Doctor Faustus follows the general five-act structure of an Elizabethan Romantic Tragedy. However Christopher Marlowe used the structure of an older Medieval form of English Drama, the morality play as a model. Morality plays tended to show the moral struggle of mans soul and the conflict of good and evil. This is evident in the play of Doctor Faustus who is embroiled in a battle between the temptation of the devil and God. You could argue that Doctor Faustus is not classed as a morality play. Because in the tradition of a morality play God and the devil are external forces that affect the individual. However, in Doctor Faustus it is far more of an internal drama inside Faustus’ own mind. Both are entirely didactic in nature, they were made with the intent to educate their audience in one respect or another. There was a moral to each that conveyed similar messages. Therefore the term ‘morality play’ correctly defines each one. The medieval time period in which Everyman was written contained a society that revolved around religion (Ecclesiasticism) The fact that Everyman can get nowhere without turning to religion directly reflects on the attitudes of the middle ages. There is constant references to the beliefs and ideas of the Catholic Church such as confession, penitence and the Virgin Mary this suggests the catholic centered society in which the play existed. It concentrates on the qualities of the catholic religion that are important in the journey to heaven. Everyman is a symbol of the human condition and how it is understood by medieval Catholicism. Whereas in the sixteenth century in which Doctor Faustus was written, saw a shift of Christian ideals. No longer was there only the strict belief in God but also the equal belief in the existence of the devil and the â€Å"work of the devil.† The medieval world placed God at the centre of existence, leaving the individual and the natural world in second place. The emergence of the Renaissance is evident in Doctor Faustus by the clash between the church and the introduction of knowledge through science. The Reformation caused a dramatic change at that particular time, England had converted from predominantly catholic to a protestant country. This shift becomes apparent in Doctor Faustus in the scenes with the Pope. The Renaissance was also a time when the bubonic plague was at its peak of destruction. As a result the plague was a great concern of the theatre, audiences and writers. The plague was a large part of Marlowe’s life and work. Marlowe refers to the plague regularly in Doctor Faustus with examples such as â€Å"A Plague on her.† Here Marlowe is using speci fic language to reflect certain aspect of the precise period, being Reformation. When considering the audience of each play, this can again create disagreement concerning the meaning of the term ‘morality play.’ Morality plays, as I have mentioned like Everyman, primarily express aspects of moral doctrine to the audience. In the Play Everyman, the anonymous author may have been a priest or teacher who was explaining the Christian values to an uneducated society. It is written by and for people of catholic religion. This would fit accurately into the description as a ‘morality play.’ However, some may argue that Doctor Faustus is more comically delivered as opposed to morally. Elizabethan audiences often viewed great tragedies such as this in a slightly humorous manner. Scenes such as the one with the Pope’s food and drink being stolen highlights this point. Also Marlowe includes numerous comical characters such as Wagner and Faustus’ servant. Therefore can we still group this together with the other morality plays such as Doctor Faustus? Contrary to this, it is clear that the audience of the play Doctor Faustus are not simply an audience of ‘Commoners or clowns,’ they have to employ a certain level of intelligence and education to understand the symbolism and al legory present in the play. We can acknowledge the play of Doctor Faustus as one from the Elizabethan period as its verbs differ from modern day usage, with phrases such as â€Å"What see you?† and â€Å"You look not well.† Also Elizabethan playwrights wrote in blank verse or iambic pentameter, as its evident here. Marlowe uses various Christian phrases to summon the devil, who is providing the power. The most obvious reference to Christian language is shown through Faustus’ Latin Chant which is used to raise the devil. Marlowe’s technique of hyperbole is demonstrated by his regular usage of blasphemy in the play. By using exaggeration like this, Marlowe is affecting the audience’s perception of the character of Faustus. The language used gives the character heroic stature. Contrast to Doctor Faustus, The language in Everyman is solely based on religion. There is reference to the original sinner Adam and the seven deadly sins, this mainly focuses on the notions of Christianity. The language used in both Everyman and Doctor Faustus represents the conflict between power and Christianity. In conclusion, Marlowe borrows many of the conventions of a morality play especially with the inclusion of the good and bad angels. This symbolizes his divided will. This is mirrored in the play Everyman where there is an obvious spiritual crisis of an individual who must chose between good and evil. Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus effectively reflect the periods in which they were written. Faustus is the product of an era that was deeply torn, it stands in the threshold between two periods-The Renaissance and the Middle Ages. It includes the notions of Good and evil, sin and salvation, as did religious dramas of the medieval period such as Everyman. Although some may see this comparison as the rejection of the medieval due to further emphasis on the individual rather than God. After all, the opening scene of Doctor Faustus was praising science and magic in favour of God. So where do we draw the line? Everyman statically reflects the period of medieval whereas Doctor Faustus focuses on the actual change in that particular period of the Reformation. Therefore it is possible to see the alteration from one period to another. Bibliography ‘Doctor Faustus’-Christopher Marlowe ‘Norton Anthology of English Literature’ Oxford Dictionary Online ‘LION’- http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/faustus.html (3/12/03) http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/doctorfaustus/ (5/12/03) http://www.miracleplayers.org/everyman/play.htm (15/12/03) http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/intro.htm (17/12/03)

Ethics and Organizational Development essays

Ethics and Organizational Development essays "For many organisations 'ethics' is something to be defined and managed by senior executives." Consider the arguments for and against this control-oriented position. In today's world it is all too prevalent to see more and more people hungry to gain success at an ever-increasing rate. Modern culture can and indeed is labelled 'greedy' and 'thoughtless'. Through my relatively short time spent in business, I have encountered many of these types of people. But who are they hungry for? Who benefits from their thoughtlessness, and why do they do what they do? More importantly, who is to blame when things don't go according to plan? These are all questions asked constantly in the business domain, questions that often seem to include the word 'ethics' in their answer. Whether we look to consequentialism and always consider the outcome of a particular action, or conform to a more deontological form of ethical thinking and focus on always acting in a manner that seems 'right', I believe that a person cannot always be 'ethical', all of the time. If it were that easy, ethics would be a very small area of study. So what does the word 'ethical' mean? To me, it is to take into account every aspect involved in any given situation, peoples' feelings, thoughts and well-being, both now and in the future, and act as best one can to achieve the most satisfactory outcome for all concerned. From my viewpoint, acting in an ethical manner comes from each and every individual, each having learned from the environment in which they have grown and developed. Should the judgement, therefore, always be left to the individual? This is certainly not the case, as more and more organisations in the business world develop codes of ethics that they expect each member to follow. This definition and management of ethics can be seen as a control-oriented position. This control paradigm for organisational ethics is largely concerned with extracting the best possib...

Aids in Africa Essay

Aids in Africa Essay Aids in Africa Essay Much Ado about Nothing is a comedy play set in a patriarchal time written by Shakespeare. It is based on deception, allusion and finally reconciliation. Don John causes and spread lies that the rest of the characters have to sort out but like most Shakespearean plays, it all end well. The nefarious character has been captured and the non-culpable characters have been righted. Benedick acts very obnoxious and whimsical in the first two scenes by being very immature and narcissistic whereas Beatrice acts very manipulative and witty. However in Act 4 Benedick acts completely different. Firstly Benedick is shown to be more mature in Act 4 scene 1: 'Surely I do believe your fair cousin is wronged' Here Benedick is trying to calm down Beatrice and for once is agreeing that Beatrice's cousin has been 'wronged'. This is very strange because throughout the play Benedick 'skirmish of wit' with Beatrice has involved him acting harshly but now he is acting as a manly figure, by trying to figure out what is happening and he is starting to convince Beatrice that Hero is innocent and that she should not â€Å"weep†. Another example is when Benedict asked Beatrice 'Is Claudio thine enemy'. Here, we can see that Benedick is more mature as he is making Beatrice see and act clearly because Benedick has to make sure what she is doing and that she doesn't react irrationally by asking Beatrice if Claudio is an 'enemy'. By calming and maturely he has started earning the love that Beatrice deserves. After he takes on the task to challenge Claudio, he acted very mature by telling to Beatrice to 'go comfort your cousin’; this is very affective because he uses an imperative. By doing this he is taking a leadership stance, his maturity is also displayed in his caring attitude as he directs Beatrice to look after Hero, who has been emotionally hurt by Claudio words. In contrast to this earlier in the play Benedick was a very immature buffoon by saying 'if signor Leonato be her father, she would not have his head on her shoulders'. Here Benedick is acting immature by insulting Leonato by saying Hero is not his daughter, this is a worse in Shakespearean times because you could not tell who was the father, so Benedick has insulted Leonato. This is very different from Act 4 scene 1 because he takes leadership and tries to work out what is really happening and who is to blame. In the 1993 version, Branagh adds to Benedick's presentation as being more mature through his reactions when Beatrice was crying. He raised his arms and held her back so Beatrice can calm down. This shows an increase of maturity as he takes on the role to calm Beatrice down to stop her acting drastically and the she will listen to him. Secondly, Beatrice is frustrating with her role is demonstrated in Act 4 scene 1: 'O God [†¦] I would eat his heart in the market place' Here Beatrice is using vengeful diatribe towards Claudio when she states that she would 'eat his heart'. This shows that Beatrice wants to get revenge from Claudio for being so nasty to hero and so she sees him as evil. Beatrice wants to complete this horrible task in the 'market place' so everyone can watch of what has become of the Claudio. Beatrice is showed to be frustrated with her by saying ' I cannot be a man with wishing; therefore I will die a woman with grieving'. Here we can see that Beatrice feels upset but she is helpless because she can't do anything about it because 'she will never be a 'man with wishing'. A man, like Benedick is very important to Beatrice because she wants vengeance for what Claudio has done but she needs Benedick to fulfil this task because being a woman she can only 'grieve'. She will never be a woman she will try and manipulate Benedick into duelling Claudio by stating 'Ah, how much might the man deserve of me that would right her'. Here Beatrice i s trying to manipulate Benedick into duelling Claudio cannot do it herself so she needs convince Benedick into the man that will deserve

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GOV.13US & MO CONSTITUTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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