Astronomy 101 Exploring the Outer Solar System

Our final lesson in this part of Astronomy 101 will concentrate primarily on the outer solar system, including two  gas giants; Jupiter, Saturn and the two ice giant planets Uranus, and Neptune. Theres also Pluto, which is a dwarf planet, as well as other distant small worlds that remain unexplored.   Jupiter, the fifth planet from the Sun, is also the largest in our solar system. Its average distance is approximately 588 million kilometers, which is about five times the distance from Earth to the Sun. Jupiter It has no surface, though it may have a core composed of comet-like rock-forming minerals. Gravity at the top of the clouds in Jupiters atmosphere is about 2.5 times Earths gravity Jupiter takes about 11.9 Earth years to make one trip around the Sun, and its day is about 10 hours long. It is the fourth brightest object in Earths sky, after the Sun, the Moon, and Venus. It can be seen easily with the naked eye. Binoculars or a telescope may show details, like the Great Red Spot or its four largest moons.   The second-largest planet in our solar system is  Saturn. It lies 1.2 billion kilometers from Earth and takes 29 years to orbit the Sun. It is  also primarily a giant world of condensed gas, with a small rocky core. Saturn is perhaps best known for its rings, which are made of hundreds of thousands of ringlets of small particles. Viewed from earth, Saturn appears as a yellowish object and can be easily viewed by the naked eye. With a telescope, the A and B rings are easily visible, and under very good conditions the D and E rings can be seen. Very strong telescopes can distinguish more rings, as well as the nine satellites of Saturn. Uranus is the seventh most distant planet from the Sun, with an average distance of 2.5 billion kilometers. It is often referred to as a gas giant, but its icy composition makes it more of an ice giant. Uranus has a rocky core, completely covered with watery slush and mixed with rocky particles. It has an atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane with ices mixed in. Despite its size, Uranuss gravity is only about 1.17 times that of Earth. A Uranus day is about 17.25 Earth hours, while its year is 84 Earth years long Uranus was the first planet to be discovered using a telescope. Under ideal conditions, it can barely be seen with the unaided eye, but should be clearly visible with binoculars or a telescope. Uranus has rings, 11 that are known. It also has 15 moons discovered to date. Ten of these were discovered when Voyager 2 passed the planet in 1986. The last of the giant planets in our solar system is Neptune, fourth largest, and also considered more of an ice giant. Its composition is similar to Uranus, with a rocky core and huge ocean of water. With a mass 17 times that of Earth, its volume is 72 times Earths volume. Its atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen, helium, and minute amounts of methane. A day on Neptune lasts about 16 Earth hours, while its long journey around the sun makes its year nearly 165 Earth years. Neptune is occasionally barely visible to the naked eye, and is so faint, that even with binoculars looks like a pale star. With a powerful telescope, it looks like a green disk. It has four known rings and 8 known moons. Voyager 2 also passed by Neptune in 1989, nearly ten years after it was launched. Most of what we know was learned during this pass. The Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud Next, we come to the Kuiper Belt  (pronounced KIGH-per Belt). Its a  disk-shaped deep-freeze containing icy debris. It lies beyond the orbit of Neptune.   Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) populate the region and are sometimes called Edgeworth Kuiper Belt objects, and sometimes are also referred to as transneptunian objects (TNOs.) Probably the most famous KBO is Pluto the dwarf planet. It  takes 248 years to orbit the Sun and lies some 5.9 billion kilometers away.  Pluto can only be seen through large telescopes. Even the Hubble Space Telescope can only make out the largest features on Pluto. Its the only planet not yet visited by a spacecraft. The  New Horizons mission  swept past Pluto on July 15, 2015 and returned the first-ever closeup looks at Pluto, and is now on its way to explore MU 69, another KBO.   Far beyond the Kuiper Belt lies the Oà ¶rt Cloud, a collection of icy particles that stretches out about 25 percent of the way to the next star system. The Oà ¶rt Cloud (named for its discoverer, astronomer Jan Oà ¶rt) supplies most of the comets in the solar system; they orbit out there until something knocks them into a headlong rush toward the Sun.   The end of the solar system brings us to the end of Astronomy 101. We hope you enjoyed this taste of astronomy and encourage you to explore more at Space.About.com! Updated and edited by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Excessive Amount Of Asphaltene Deposition Essay - 1205 Words

An excessive amount of asphaltene deposition may result in a severe formation damage and sometimes blocking the flow path as seen in Figure 6c. Therefore, the injected solvent cannot further diffuse deep into the matrix (due severe to asphaltene deposition) and eventually causes injectivity problem. In this study, C5 injection resulted in the high amount of asphaltene deposition in porous media (11.4 % per Figure 7) and it could block the main flow path, the fracture (as seen in Figure 6c). The pressure profiles of C5 injection shown in Figure 8 can also explain the formation damage caused by severe asphaltene deposition. At early time-stage of solvent injection, solvent mainly diffuses into the oil within the fracture path (while diffusing into the matrix as well) and recovered most of the oil in this area (up to 80 minutes in Figure 8). Thereafter, the solvent is occupied the whole fracture and due to the concentration gradient between the solvent and matrix’s oil, the solve nt diffused into the matrix, dilute the oil by precipitation and deposition of asphaltene. Continuing solvent injection resulted in more asphaltene deposition in the matrix and especially fracture-matrix interface (where the highest concentration gradient is) that eventually cause the formation damage and reduce the injectivity. This can be seen in Figure 7 from time 90 minutes to 280 minutes where the injection pressure increased until the time that was no injection at all (after about 280 minutes).

Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999? Answer: Introduction This paper also defines the key issues in the study and summarizes the history and the need for a development of the biodiversity protection. The paper also outlines the aims and objectives of the policies and how they have helped to contain the situation and to protect biodiversity in the country. The report also contains a detailed critical review of the policies that have been put in place to protect biodiversity. The final part of the report contains recommendations and a brief conclusion to give a general summary of the issues that have been identified in the study. This report analyzes the biodiversity policies in Australia. The report discusses the policies that the government has put in place to protect biodiversity. Biodiversity can generally be described as the variability of life on the earth. United Nations Environment Program describes biodiversity as a measure of variation at eh genetic level, species and ecosystems level. This report, therefore, evaluates the policies and programs that have been put in place to help protect, ecosystems, genetics, and species in Australia. Definition of key issues The issues that this report seeks to evaluate include the policies that the government of Australia has been able to design in order to facilitate and support bio-banking. Biodiversity banking and offset scheme under the Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016 was started in August 2017(Ansell, Gibson salt, 2016). The aim of this legislation was to address the loss of biodiversity values due to degradation of habitats. Biodiversity banking is a market-based scheme that provides a streamlined biodiversity assessment process that enables a rigorous scheme that helps owners of land to get income by managing land for conservation (Australian biological resources study, 2010). This works by generating biodiversity credits by landowners who commit themselves to protecting values of biodiversity on their own land by signing the bio banking agreement. The credits generated over time can be sold to generate money to help manage their land. An ecological community is a natural group of plants, ani mals and other organisms which are native interact with the unique natural habitat. Types of ecological communities include;forests, wetlands, marine, woodlands, grasslands, ground springs and cave communities. Native plants and animals in an ecological community play different roles and they interact differently to contribute to a healthy environment. The functioning of these contributes to the better productivity of land and water which benefits the society in general. History of biodiversity and the need for its development Biodiversity has been a subject of discussion in the environment circles over the years. The concept of biodiversity was conceived by Walter Rosen of the National Academy of Science (NAS) in the year 1985. During this period, there was a great concern for conservation both among the scientist and the society in general. This resulted in the formation of the society for conservation Biology (SCB) in the year 1985. In the year 1987, the society published the first journal of titled Conservation Biology (Lindenmayer Gibbons, 2012). The biodiversity is unevenly distributed throughout the earth and its rich in the tropical areas. The latitude gradients of places also determine the biodiversity of a place. Marine biodiversity is high among coastlines where there are many sea creatures and insects. Changes in environmental conditions can be extinction in plants and animals. The number of species remaining on earth is estimated to be between 10 million and 14 million. There is a great need for development in biodiversity because of the increasing threat that the species and the ecological communities are facing. Policies that are similar to those of Australia in regard to biodiversity The policies of the United Kingdom in regard to conservation and protection of biodiversity are very similar to those of Australia. These policies are driven by different frameworks, legislation and agreements. The UK became the first country in the year 1994 to produce a national biodiversity action plan(UK BAP). This was done to fulfill its commitment to the Convention on Biological Diversity(Steffen, 2010). The country also produced a framework on Post-2010 Biodiversity Framework which is supported by the legislation of all member countries. The country has also determined a set of biodiversity indicators to help in measuring the level of threat to biodiversity and the achievements made in conserving biodiversity. The other country that has similar policies to those of Australia is the United States. In the USA, the term biodiversity is not commonly used and the common term is natural heritage. This legislation includes the Species protection law, forestry law, and the Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). The Coastal Zone Management Act is also an important law helping to preserve biodiversity in the United States. Countries in the European Union such as France and Norway have very good legislation and policies which help to protect biodiversity in their country. These policies are also similar to Australia. They have frameworks and strategic plans which guide them in implementing the legislation to help preserve and conserve biodiversity. Aims and objectives of biodiversity policy review The aims of this policy review are to help determine the steps that have been made in regard to the biodiversity conservation and preservation. The review also helps to evaluate the policies and framework that have been put in place to help protect biodiversity over the years. This report also helps in identifying how these policies have worked to help achieve the desired goals (Lindenmayer, Burns, Thurgate, Lowe, 2013). This report also seeks to identify loopholes in the existing legislation and make recommendations on the improvements that can be made. Assessment of the policies and their effectiveness Australia has very concrete and clear policies that help to conserve species, genetics and ecological communities. These policies and legislation have been developed and transformed over the years to help come up with a very effective means of protecting biodiversity in Australia and the whole world. This paper mainly focuses on bio banking and ecological communities protection. The Biodiversity banking and offset scheme were developed under the Biodiversity Conservation Act of 2016. This is one of the major frameworks that Australia has put in place to help in bio banking. The priority/aims and objectives of this legislation are to help protect endangered plants, animals and ecosystems. This legislation was motivated by the high rates of extinction among animals and plants as well as ecological communities. The habitats of these animals and plants have also been destroyed over time due to changes in climate and due to human interference (Bradstock, Williams, Gill, 2012). The scheme on biodiversity and banking was introduced by the government to help deal with the great loss of biodiversity values. These values include threatened species and ecological community due to degradation of their environment. This scheme provided an opportunity for land owners to earn income by managing and conserving their own land according to the standards provided in the scheme. When these farmers commit to protect the values of biodiversity in the land which they own and carry out their farming activities, they earn biodiversity credits having signed bio banking agreements. These credits can be sold to other farmers or any client willing to offset the carbon sequestration levels in their land or region. This policy has worked very well in helping individual citizens to be involved in the preservation of biodiversity. This ensures that it is not the government agencies only being involved in conservation effort but also farmers across the country. The reward scheme which helps farmers to generate income will help this policy to be very effective in conserving biodiversity through bio banking. The implementation of this policy began in August 2017 and therefore it's difficult to determine its level of success. The government has also put various policies and legislation to help protect threatened ecological communities Australia such as The environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act of 1991 (EPBC). The ecological communities protected under this law include the Natural Temperate Grassland of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Alpine Sphagnum Bogs and Associated Fens, Littoral Rain forest and the Weeping Myall Woodlands. It is important to protect the ecological communities due to the combination of landscapes and seas which helps to provide a very conducive environment. The protection of ecological communities also brings about an increase in tourism and productivity of the land. The threatened ecological species include the wetlands and bushy savannas which have been placed under threat over the years since colonial times. An ecological community is listed when the community becomes almost extinct. This may happen due to various reasons such as bush fires, climate change, and d iversion of water channels, pollution and development of urban areas. There are three categories of listing ecological communities (TECs). They include; critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable. The listing process of ecological communities is very rigorous and strict which involves various stakeholders and experts. The listing mostly depends on the advice Threatened Species Scientific Committee (TSSC). The listing of ecological communities has helped to achieve tremendous success. The listing has helped to identify the ecological communities under pressure of extinction due to various reasons. This gives extra protection to the listed ecological communities and more resources are allocated to help protect these communities. The extra protection given to the species living in this ecological community ensures that multiplication of these species. The policies also help to ensure appropriate land use practices which help in preventing environmental degradation. However, despi te the achievements of these policies in helping to protect biodiversity and ecological communities in Australia the policies have not completely achieved the goals and objectives which they were created to fulfill. Despite the policies in legislation, many of the countries wetlands have experienced interference from human beings and hence destroying the natural environment. The marine ecology has also come under increased threat due to pollution of the sea and other activities in the sea which have led to the destruction of sea creatures. Conclusion From the report, it is evident that improvements need to be done on the policies already in place in order to help protect the biodiversity. The following are the recommendations to help protect biodiversity in Australia. The bio banking scheme should be expanded to help include more farmers in this scheme. This will help to ensure the preservation of biodiversity in the country. The government should also devolve the biodiversity protection effort in order to ensure the protection effort happen from the grassroots level. People should be educated and trained more on the importance of conserving biodiversity and protecting the environment. The report has analyzed the policies and legislation that have been put in place in order to protect the biodiversity. The major legislation protecting the environment in Australia is the EPBC Act of 1999. The aims and objectives of the policies and the policy review are clearly stated in the report. The report will help the ministry of environment to develop policies that will help to improve the protection of the biodiversity and the environment in Australia. References Australian biological resources study (abrs). (2010). Focusing on the landscape. Biodiversity in australias? national reserve system. Canberra, abrs. Ansell, d., gibson, f., salt, d. (2016). Learning from agri-environment schemes in australia: Investing in biodiversity and other ecosystem services on farms. Http://proxy.cm.umoncton.ca/login?Url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/j.ctt1d10hdp. Armiero, m., sedrez, l. (2014). A history of environmentalism: Local struggles, global histories. Http://site.ebrary.com/id/10868232. Biodiversity news. (2012). Biodiversity, 13(2), pp.127-131. Breeden, s., breeden, k. (2011). Wildflower country: Discovering biodiversity in australia's southwest. Fremantle, w.a., fremantle press. Julien, m. H., mcfadyen, r. E., cullen, j. M. (2012). Biological control of weeds in australia. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=871257 Bradstock, r. A., williams, r. J., gill, a. M. (2012). Flammable australia: Fire regimes, biodiversity and ecosystems in a changing world. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Lindenmayer, d., gibbons, p. (2012). Biodiversity monitoring in australia. Collingwood, vic, csiro publishing. Lindenmayer, d., burns, e., thurgate, n., lowe, a. (2013). Biodiversity and environmental change: Monitoring, challenges and direction. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1605162. Macdonald, d. W., willis, k. J. (2013). Key topics in conservation biology 2. Http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?P=1124631. Schoonjans, r. And luttik, r. (2014). Editorial: Specifying biodiversity-related protection goals for environmental risk assessment. Efsa journal, 12(6), p.e14062. Steffen, w. (2010). Australia's biodiversity and climate change. Melbourne, csiro publishing.

The Problems Encountered of Accounting Students free essay sample

Your friendship makes my life a wonderful experience. Aira Angelica M. Cendana DEDICATION Trust in the Lord with all your heart and learn not on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him and he shall direct your paths. I bring back all my praises and glory to almighty God, for his unending guidance, blessing and love that lead to the completion and success of this Thesis. With sincerity, I convey my heartfelt gratitude to the following person for sharing their valuable ideas for the improvement of Thesis. First of all I want to thank my beloved and well supportive mother Mrs. Nenita Miranda, my brother and sister Ate Noemi, Ate Fe and Kuya Alex. For their support that served as my endless inspiration in struggling in seeking my dream of obtaining my chosen profession. To my grandfather, grandmother, uncles, aunties who also extended their generosity, pieces of advice and prayer. We will write a custom essay sample on The Problems Encountered of Accounting Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To my special someone who is always there to support me. This simple work is lovingly dedicated to all of you. Leo T. Miranda DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to the following persons who have been part of the success of this research work. To my family my friends and to my love one who gave me inspiration in life Most of all to our God by giving me grace and who showered me blessings and strength and ordered to finish my studies. Thank you for giving me a chance to fulfil my dreams. Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Aira Angelica M. Cendana Address:Christine Village Cauayan City, Isabela Age:21 Gender:Female Date of Birth:January 21, 1992 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Methodist Civil Status:Single Parents Father:Arnel A. Cendana Mother:Angelina M. Cendana Educational Background Elementary:Cauayan South Central School Cauayan City, Isabela 2004 Secondary:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan Cauayan City, Isabela 2008 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Address:Pillar Street Cauayan City, Isabela Age:22 Gender:Female Date of Birth:September 20, 1990 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, Isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Roman Catholic Civil Status:Single Parents Mother:Maria Lourdes F. Zorilla Educational Background Elementary:Cauayan South Central School Cauayan City, Isabela 2003 Secondary:Cauayan National High School Cauayan City, Isabela 2007 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Curriculum Vitae Personal Information Name:Leo T. Miranda Address:San Francisco Cauayan City, Isabela Age:20 Gender:Male Date of Birth:July 29, 1993 Place of Birth:Cauayan City, Isabela Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Roman Catholic Civil Status:Single Parents Father:Alexander Miranda Mother:Nenita Miranda Educational Background Elementary:San Francisco Elementary School Cauayan City, Isabela 2005 Secondary:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2009 College:Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Fermin, Cauayan City, Isabela 2013 Degree:Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan Cauayan Campus (Main) / San Manuel Campus Cauayan City, Isabela / San Manuel, Isabela (078)652-2602*652-3310*897-1475 Telefax (078)652-0685*664-6089 Email [emailprotected] net/[emailprotected] com Website: www. olpcc. du. ph APPROVAL SHEET In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology, this research work entitled â€Å"Working Relationship Of Casual Employees Of City Environment And Natural Resources Office In Cauayan City Hall† has been prepared and submitted by Aira Angelica M. Cendana Maria Vanessa F. Zorilla Leo T. Miranda are hereby recommende d for approval. FRANKLIN L. SORIANO, Ph. D. Adviser Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Degree Bachelor of Science in Accounting Technology. NUEVER L. MARIANO, CPA Department Head

The History of Heineken Essay Example

The History of Heineken Essay The history of Heineken The Heineken family entered the beer business in 1864, when Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a brewery in the heart of Amsterdam. Over the past 140 years, three generations of the Heineken family have built and expanded the brand and the company in Europe and around the world. It is thanks to the leadership of Gerard, Henry and Alfred Heineken that Heineken is one of the world’s leading brewing groups. Today Charlene de CarvalhoHeineken is delegate member of the Board of directors of Heineken Holding N. V. 864 22-year-old businessman Gerard Adriaan Heineken purchases the The Haystack brewery, the largest in the region. He demands and receives full control of shares, realising that sweeping and rapid changes are needed. 1868 To meet increasing consumer demand, a new brewery is built in Amsterdam at the Buitensingel. 1869 Gerard Heineken decides to switch from traditional top fermentation to the Bavarian method of bottom fermentation, a totally different te chnique that produces a clearer, purer beer, which keeps longer. The new beer is known for its quality and is called Gentlemans Beer as opposed to Workmans Ale. A decade of fierce competition begins, with several new breweries competing for the highquality beer market. Heineken must again start making cheaper workmans beers and gets into the business of cafes, hotels, and beer houses to secure purchasers. Brewers take on the role of banks, providing credit and extravagant extra benefits to win over clients. 1870 Due to the Franco-Prussian war, imports of Bavarian beer dry up, causing Heinekens sales to skyrocket. 1873 Heinekens Bierbrouwerij Maatschappij N. V. (Heineken Breweries or HBM) is incorporated. Gerard Heineken is appointed President and the name Haystack is replaced by Heineken. The brewery stops producing workmans beer. 1874 After merging the previous year with Oranjeboom breweries, a state-of-the-art brewery is built in Rotterdam. With a work-floor of 3000 square metres, it is one of the most expensive and innovative facilities of its day. 1875 Heineken beer wins a gold medal at the International Exposition in Paris and regular shipments to the French capital begin. Among others, the Folies Bergere signs up to receive an annual 2000 hectolitres. We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History of Heineken specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Heineken continues to expand, struggling between concessions to the market and its belief in the high quality, and price, standards that put it on the map in the first place. Continuing with Gerard Heinekens philosophy that, A good product is recommended by its use alone, the company refuses to deploy advertising seriously, seeing it as useless and rather low-class. Technical breakthroughs ultimately provide a critical edge. 1880 Heineken sales top 64,000 hectolitres. The company is now the biggest exporter to France, and in particular Paris, which is fast becoming the capital of the nineteenth-century. 881 Cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Amsterdam, terminating dependence on natural ice. In 1883, cooling systems are installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 1886 Doctor Elion, a student of Louis Pasteur, develops the A-yeast strain, still used today to give Heineken its characteristic flavour. 1889 The innovations begin to pay off: the brewery is awarded the gold medal of honour at the World Exhibition in Paris, where Heineken beer is supplied to the Eiffel tower restaurant. This award crowns the quality-focused policies of Gerard Heineken and director Wilhelm Feltmann. It is an age of great innovation, and one improvement quickly follows another. The innovations are not only technical: industrial buildings like breweries are already being recognised as important works of architecture in their own right. The labour movement also begins to make its presence felt on the work floor. 1890 Electric lighting is installed at the Amsterdam brewery. 1893 Gerard Adriaan Heineken dies. Under the direction of Gerard Heineken and Wilhelm Feltmann, HBM has grown in its first twenty years from a small company to a large-scale industry. The groundwork has been laid for future expansion. 1894 The end of an epoch: despite master brewer Feltmanns hopes for his own son to take the position, J. D. A. Petersen becomes the new director. He later marries Gerards widow Mary Tindal, becoming stepfather of the eight-year-old Henry Pierre Heineken. 1899 The barrel-makers submit a request for a wage increase, marking the beginning of a long process of workers rights negotiations. As the business consolidates its hold on markets, employers come under increasing pressure from workers demanding explicit agreements and better treatment. Petersen resists pressure from old-style managers and strives for dialogue, which ultimately results in the first collective labour agreements. 2 / 11 1900 Heineken beer is honoured with a special Jury Prize in Paris. Sales of beer brewed under Heinekens auspices increase to 200,000 hectolitres. 1901 The year sees the first major strike and call for a boycott by workers. Negotiations result in a rise in the minimum wage and pay for overtime. 1904 A day of rest on Sunday is introduced. 1909 The first collective bargaining agreements are established. In Rotterdam, this means a 54hour week and four days off a year. As a compromise, workers no longer receive four free litres of beer a week. Henry Heineken comes of age and takes over the helm. He and his team represent a new generation of leaders. With both academic credentials and practical experience, they pioneer a new management style: socially aware and outward looking. 1912 Competition between well-established major breweries again increases to fever pitch. Heineken responds by reducing the price slightly and concentrating on on-premises sales. 1914 Henry Heineken obtains a seat on the Executive Board. Heineken welcomes its first woman employee, a telephone operator. Sales of beer brewed under the supervision of Heineken have now climbed to 300,000 hectolitres: 30% more than the beginning of the century The company begins efforts to expand to Asia. In the United States, alcohol is banned and will remain so throughout the decade. Modern communication and advertising come into its own as Heineken moves into foreign markets. An international springboard is created for future global expansion. 1923 Heineken is one of the first Dutch companies to establish a non-contributory pension fund for employees. 1927 H. R. H. Prince Hendrik grants HBM the rights to His Coat of Arms. H. R. H. Queen Wilhelmina grants HBM the rights to the Royal Coat of Arms with the title of Royal Purveyor. 1928 An aircraft writes a Heineken ad in the sky above the Olympic Games in Amsterdam: one of the first deeds of Peter Feith, new head of exports. Under his leadership, Heineken will take its first steps towards becoming a truly international company. 1929 3 / 11 Heineken participates for the first time in the construction of a brewery in a tropical region. Building starts in Surabaya in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). The decade of the first great global economic depression sees ignificant international expansion and technical achievements for the company. Heineken moves decisively into the US and Asian markets. It also further expands its social policy: during the crisis, no personnel are fired. Rather, an early retirement scheme is applied for staff age 58 and over. 1931 Heineken and Fraser Neave in Singapore start Malayan Breweries Limited (MBL), now Asia Pacific Br eweries, operating in China, South-East Asia and New Zealand. 1932 Heineken opens a pilot brewery in Rotterdam, enabling the laboratory to test the results of its own activities. This is almost unique and critically important for trying out new modes of operation and instruction, especially for staff from breweries abroad. 1933 The M. S. Statendam transports the first Heineken beer consignment to the United States after Prohibition is lifted. This marks the beginning of Heinekens rising popularity in the United States. 1937 The Heineken Foundation for Personnel is established to provide extra support to employees in the years of the Great Depression. 1939 Heineken is listed on the stock market. The Foundation of the Central Brewery Organisation is established, initiated by Heineken. Its aim is to ensure a unified response by brewers during the impending war. The Organisation ultimately prevented disbanding of breweries and requisitioning of workers. World War II provokes a continuous decline in beer quality and production as breweries in the Netherlands are deprived of raw materials. As the war ends, the first signs of spectacular international expansion set in. Henrys successor, Alfred Freddy Heineken, enters the business as a sales promoter in the US, where he will develop the marketing expertise to later internationalise the company in the 1950s and 60s. 940 Henry Heineken resigns from the Executive Board and is appointed Delegate Member of the Supervisory Council (until 1951). 1942 Alfred Henry Heineken, grandson of the founder Gerard Adriaan Heineken and son of Henry Heineken, officially begins his career with the company. 1948 Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands grants the rights to his Coat of Arms to HBM. 4 / 11 1949 The Netherlands transfers sovereignty to the new Indonesian government. The Surabaya brewery becomes Heinekens Indonesian Brewery Company. On the international markets, the reputation of the Heineken brand name gains strength. In 1954, Alfred Heineken acquires the majority of shares in the company and begins a radical modernisation. With an ardent belief in brand and marketing, he sets about proving his conviction that beer can travel: its the beginning of a truly effective global marketing policy. 1953 The brewery De Sleutel (The Key) in Dordrecht is taken over by Heineken. De Sleutel, established in 1433, is the oldest industrial enterprise in the Netherlands. The brewery continues as a producer of dark beers until its closure in 1969. 1954 The rapidly growing popularity of beer dramatically influences Heinekens domestic and export sales volumes. The Board decides to build a new brewery in s Hertogenbosch. 1957 The Indonesian Government appropriates the Heineken brewery at Surabaya from 1957 until 1967. In 1967 Heineken resumes operations of the brewery, which ultimately takes the name Multi Bintang Indonesia. 1959 In order to meet the increasing demand for Heineken beer, the company embarks on a substantial extension of the brewery in s Hertogenbosch. Aba, Boma, Kumasi, Kisangani, Moundou The motto during the 1950s and 60s is: Build and Brew. By 1960, Heineken is the market leader in Africa, and is making giant strides elsewhere. Refinement of the companys visual design and brand identity continue; notable progress includes a clear international logo. 1961 The Kumasi Brewery in Ghana opens. Heineken owns or has an interest in 4 breweries in the Netherlands and 24 abroad, including properties in Egypt, Italy, Venezuela, Angola and the Belgian Congo (today Zaire). 1963 The Heineken Foundation is established to give a bi-annual award to outstanding scientists in the field of biochemistry, including microbiology and the germinating physiology of seeds. 1964 A new international logo is introduced, for labels, coasters and other visual designs. Among these are the famous Heineken lips, the two red semi-circles enclosing the black stripe and name on the coaster. The style has remained the international icon by which the brand is still known. 1967 The first fully automated filling line for draught beer is installed in the brewery in Rotterdam. 5 / 11 Simultaneously, a new keg type with a built-in extractor tube, the Sankey keg, that fits the new filling line, is put into use. It will be introduced gradually in the whole country. Heineken also embarks upon computerised data processing. 1968 Heineken takes over Amstel Brouwerij N. V. as well as soft drinks producer Vrumona N. V. in Bunnik (the Netherlands), thus securing its share in the Netherlands internal market, which is heavily under threat from foreign competitors. The first Heineken advertisements appear on TV. Increasingly at home in the world, Heineken is still a foreign guest in Europe. While it has a top position as an import in the premium segment of the market, it is not dominant in the European market as a whole. Alfred Heineken develops a strategy to change that and begins producing beer within European countries. 971 Alfred Heineken is appointed Chairman of the Executive Board. A glance at Heineken abroad reveals an expanding roster of interests: Malayan Breweries in Singapore; Perusahaan Bir Indonesia; bottle manufacturers Boukin in Zaire; Bralima, Zaire; Bralirwa, Ruanda; Brarudi, Burundi; Brasserie de Brazzaville in the Peoples Republic of Congo; Kumasi Brewery in Ghana; Nigerian Breweries; Ibecor in Brussels; Antilliaanse Brouwerij, Curacao ; Brasserie Lorraine, Martinique; Surinaamse Brouwerij in Paramaribo; Athenian Brewery in Athens; and Albert Maltings in Belgium. 972 Heineken acquires a majority participating interest in the share capital of Holding Company lEsperance, which was the French ALBRA group, then the third largest brewing group in France. 1973 On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of the company, the Executive Board donates NLG 100,000 to three social-medical organisations located in cities in the Netherlands that have Heineken breweries. 1979 Official inauguration by Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands of the distillery (with grain-alcohol roasting house) in Zoetermeer. Heineken increases its participation in the Dreher Group (Italy) from 90% to nearly 100%. When Heinekens interest in the French brewing group ALBRA increases to 100%. , ALBRA is renamed Heineken France S. A. Heineken achieves broad market leadership in Europe through many acquisitions, and finetunes its communication and products to appeal to consumers in each local culture. These vary hugely: the English are used to weak dark ales; the Italians still have mainly a wine culture; the three Swiss language regions each have their own different expectations. Heineken becomes a fixture in traditional bars from Dublin to Geneva. 1980 A first installation based on reversed osmosis (hyper filtration) considerably improves water processing in Europe. 6 / 11 1982 The Amstel brewery in Amsterdam closes down. Production is transferred to the Heineken brewery in Zoeterwoude. Heineken takes over Brouwerij de Ridder B. V. in Maastricht (the Netherlands). Heineken doubles its participation in a number of companies in Central Africa by acquiring shares already issued. 1983 The company enters into brewing cooperation in Brazil with Coca-Cola bottlers, producing Kaiser beer. Today Cervejaria Kaiser is the third brewing group of Brazil. Kirin Brewery Company Ltd. starts to brew Heineken under license in Japan. 1988 This year is marked by a joint venture via Asia Pacific Breweries with third parties in the Mila Brewery in Shanghai (China) and the introduction of Buckler alcohol-free beer in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Ireland. 1989 Alfred Freddy Heineken retires from the Board, having reached the age limit laid down in the companys Articles of Association. He is appointed Chairman and Delegated Member of the Supervisory Council. Heineken has become the second largest brewer in the world with the worlds most international brand, selling in over 170 countries. The core values upon which it was built consistent top quality, engaging people through their own culture, and also its social awareness have allowed the company to renew itself over and again. 1991 Heineken takes over Van Munching Co. , its sole importer in the United States. This ends the remarkable lifetime contracts awarded Leo van Munching and his son in 1960 in recognition of their achievement as the first and only US importers of Heineken. Leo sr. was initially appointed in 1945. Through his work, Heineken became a best-loved import in the US, an achievement that remains as unique as his contract. 1992 Operations in the former Eastern Bloc and other communist countries gather steam. Heineken increases its interest in Komaromi Sorgyar RT in Hungary to 55. 3%. 1994 Heineken acquires a 24. 9% participating interest in the Polish brewery, Zywiec S. A. Zywiec has a leading position in the premium segment of the Polish beer market, three breweries with a total production capacity of 1. million hectolitres, and a share of 7% of the Polish beer market. An agreement is signed with Hainan Brewery Co. Ltd. (HBCL) for the construction of a brewery on Hainan Island in China. 1998 The Heineken University is opened. This is a training infrastructure designed for the optimal use and expansion of know-how and experience within the company. 7 / 11 1999 In the Netherlands, the Heineken brand is voted Brand of the Century and Alfred Henry Heineken is proclaimed Advertiser of the century. 000 Heineken receives the King William I Prize for Dutch Entrepreneurship. This prestigious prize is awarded once every two years to a large Dutch company that has attracted attention due to impressive entrepreneurial activities and important contributions to the economy, employment, prosperity and the entrepreneurial reputation of the Netherlands. Heineken expands its operations in China, Nigeria, Sweden, Belgium, Slovakia and Spain. 2001 The festive opening of the Heineken Experience in the former brewery on the Stadhouderskade in Amsterdam takes place. To honour this event, Heineken N. V. publishes the book, The Magic of Heineken. 2002 The Heineken Company respectfully marks the death of its leader Alfred ‘Freddy’ Heineken at the beginning of the year. As a true entrepreneur, Freddy Heineken is credited with making Heineken into the truly international company it is today. 2003 The acquisition of Brau-Beteiligungs A. G. (BBAG) in Austria, the largest acquisition in the history of Heineken, significantly extends the lead of Heineken in Europe, where Heineken was already the largest brewer. Through this acquisition, Heineken is now also market leader in Austria, Romania, and Hungary and consolidates leading positions and brand portfolios in Poland and the Czech Republic. 2004 The business is further shaped through acquisitions and joint ventures, ensuring the creation of value. In Russia and China the position of Heineken is strengthened through acquisitions and in the USA an agreement is concluded with FEMSA in Mexico to distribute their strongly growing brands. In South Africa, Brandhouse is launched, a joint venture with Diageo and Namibia Breweries. In Australia Heineken enters in to a joint venture with Lion Nathan. The first comprehensive sustainability award is published for the period 2002-2003, presenting a thorough and broad overview of activities worldwide. In recognition of the continuous focus on corporate sustainability, Heineken is awarded the prestigious Dutch ACC Award for best sustainability report. 2005 Heineken acquires a number of breweries in Germany and Russia. Also in 2005, Heineken introduces a new light Heineken beer to the US market. This new beer, Heineken Premium Light Lager, is brewed in the same high quality tradition as the original Heineken, but is lighter in taste and has fewer calories and carbohydrates. The US light market represents half of the total US beer market and is still growing. 8 / 11 Heineken also introduces its portable draught beer system, the Heineken DraughtKeg. DraughtKeg allows consumers to experience a premium quality draught beer at virtually any drinking occasion. Heineken launched this innovation in France and in the USA in May 2005, followed by the introduction in the Netherlands. The portable DraughtKeg has been developed for consumers who like to share and enjoy a quality draught beer in or outdoors and is relevant to the various beer cultures worldwide. In 2005 the Executive Committee is introduced. The two members of the Executive Board, the five Regional Presidents and five Group Directors together form the Executive Committee, which supports the development of policies and ensures the alignment and implementation of key priorities and strategies across the organisation. 006 Heineken acquires a number of breweries through Asia Pacific Breweries; the Fosters brewing assets in Vietnam and Quang Nam Brewery in Central Vietnam. A further business in the developing market of India and an acquisition in Laos are announced. Heineken also acquired shares in the Tunesian company, Societe de Production et de Distribution des Boissons. In 2006, Heineken continues to put into practice the belief that flatter and less complex management structures are essential to inc rease the speed at which decisions are taken and implemented across the business. That was the clear thinking behind the creation of the Executive Committee and a smaller Executive Board in 2005. The speedy roll-out of DraughtKeg early in its life cycle and the further investment in production; the accelerated integration of the Russian business; the centralisation of the IT function; these are all excellent examples of having brought that belief into practice. 2007 Heineken and Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (‘FEMSA’) extend their existing three-year relationship in the United States for a period of ten years, effective 1 January 2008. Heineken USA continues to be the sole and exclusive importer, marketer and seller of the FEMSA beer brands, Dos Equis, Tecate, Tecate Light, Sol, Bohemia and Carta Blanca, in the USA. Heineken and Carlsberg confirm their intention to make an offer for the entire issued share capital of Scottish Newcastle plc. Through the deal, Heineken will ultimately obtain a number 1 position in the UK and number 2 positions in the key markets of Portugal, Ireland, Finland and Belgium, as well as greater exposure to developing markets and segments, with positions in India and the US import market. Heineken acquires Krusovice Brewery in the Czech Republic from Radeberger Gruppe KG. As a result of this transaction, the market share of Heineken in the Czech Republic increases to 8 per cent, with total volumes of over 1. 6 million hectolitres, improving Heineken’s position in the market to number three. Heineken acquires the Rodic Brewery, in Novi Sad, Serbia and of the Syabar Brewing Company, in Bobruysk, Belarus. Rodic was established in 2003 and employs 282 people. The Rodic Brewery facility is a state-of-the-art, 1. million hectolitre brewery, located in Novi 9 / 11 Sad, northern Serbia. The company’s portfolio consists of the beer brands MB Premium, MB Pils and Master. 2008 The cash offer for the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle becomes effective. The closure of the transaction is the start of an exciting new era for Heineken, strengthening the position in Western Europe. The Company will accelerate the process of uniting people, brands and best practice from both Heineken and SN to create a single, stronger, more competitive business. Heineken’s acquisition of parts of SN includes businesses, licences and investments in Belgium, Finland, India, Ireland, Portugal, the UK and the US, with core brands including Foster’s, Kronenbourg 1664, John Smith’s, Newcastle Brown Ale, Sagres, Lapin Kulta, Maes and Beamish. In 2008, Heineken also announces a number of other acquisitions: Tango Brewery in Algiers, Algeria; the Romanian brewer Bere Mures; Drinks Union in the Czech Republic; Rechitsa Brewery in South Eastern Belarus; and the beverage division of Eichhof in Switzerland. Heineken also opens a brand new brewery in Seville, Spain. Heineken launches the first global, interactive responsible drinking campaign, called ‘Know The Signs’. Our aim is for consumers to engage and interact with this campaign rather than passively watch a one-way piece of communication. By making it possible to interact with this campaign we believe we are more likely to be successful in raising awareness of overconsumption of alcohol. 009 Heineken and United Breweries Limited (UBL), India’s leading brewer, create a strong partnership that will drive growth in one of the world’s fastest-growing and most exciting beer markets. Through the transaction, Heineken gains joint majority control of India’s number 1 brewer, UBL and agree terms for the brewing and distribution of the Heineken brand in India. As part of the new agreement, Heineken acquires Asia Pacific Breweries(APB) India and in a subsequent transaction transfer this into UBL during 2010. In 2009, Heineken ® endorses the United Nations CEO Water Mandate. This United Nationsled initiative encourages companies to play a more active role in solving issues related to water availability and quality. The signing of the CEO Water Mandate by Jean-Francois van Boxmeer re-confirms Heineken’s existing commitment to both sustainability and water management. In 2009, Heineken also announces the Heineken Africa Foundation to support and enhance the improvement of health for the people who live in the Sub-Saharan African communities where Heineken operates. The Heineken Africa Foundation supports health projects and health-related education. Heineken has taken this initiative to underpin its long-standing commitment to Africa. Following the acquisition of Scottish Newcastle in 2008, Heineken’s UK business marks the completion of integration with a change in name. The switch to Heineken UK is the beginning of an exciting, new chapter in the history of the UK business and a significant milestone for Heineken. 10 / 11 010 Heineken announces that it has completed the acquisition of the beer businesses of Fomento Economico Mexicano, S. A. B. de C. V. (FEMSA), following approval from all relevant anti-trust authorities and shareholders of Heineken N. V. , Heineken Holding N. V. and FEMSA. Heineken will execute the integration strategy it has developed in collaboration with the local management teams. The new management teams in Mexico and Brazil are announced; the newly acquired businesses forms part of the Heineken Americas region. In 2010, Heineken also announces a new, 10 year Sustainability agenda and goals. The commitments and plans are outlined in Amsterdam as part of a symposium1 on sustainable development. The company’s new approach to sustainability is characterised by an integrated ‘green’ vision for all aspects of its operations. It has set clear targets and adopted innovative ways at looking at its business processes. With its new agenda, Heineken recognises the role it should play in creating a better future and delivering across all its operations. 11 / 11

Starbucks Coffee Company Analysis

Starbucks Coffee Company Analysis Starbucks is the leading roaster and retailer of specialty coffee in the world and was founded in 1971 and based in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is the largest coffeehouse company in the world, with 11,168 stores in 44 countries. Starbucks sells drip-brewed coffee, espresso-based hot drinks, Tazo teas, snacks and items such as mugs, and of course, their well renowned coffee beans. Within the last month, Starbucks has also launched a new instant coffee to compete in even more markets. This paper is an overview of the Starbucks Coffee Company and will provide recommendations regarding price, production, and composition of inputs.Company OverviewStarbucks Coffee Company began in 1971 out of Seattle, WA. The company opened the first store in Seattle's famous Pikes Place Market. In the mid 1980s Starbucks tested the concept of the small espresso bars and they were a huge hit. Between 1985 and 1991, Starbucks changed its name to Starbucks Coffee Company and acquired more than 100 stores. English: Starbucks' headquarters building in Seatt...In 2002, Starbucks owned and operated over 5,000 stores and by the end of 2007, the company owned and operated more than 14,000 stores (Starbucks, 2008).Starbucks as a company has taken years to become this industrious. This is in part to the key management and staff members that are in place at each Starbucks coffee store all over the world. All Starbucks employees undergo extensive training to ensure the customer experience is exceptional. Starbucks has also invested time and money in all types of coffee machine technology to improve productivity and product quality, which has allowed them to continue doing extremely well as a company. Part of their success has been due to their capital investment in all types of machinery regarding coffee, not only to make coffee at their stores but also to produce the actual coffee...

Effects of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Research Paper

Effects of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Research Paper Example With regard to healing and treatment, ADHD is primarily treated by using appropriate drug therapy or psychiatric guidance and counseling. Several controversies on ADHD are largely based on whether it is over or under diagnosed and treated. ADHD is a chronic mental health problem that is disturbing, and which may affect several aspects of a person’s life. It causes academic problems, affects an individual’s social skills, and can negatively affect the parent-child relationships. It also affects an individual’s overactivity by reducing it such that an individual is inactive, impulsiveness, inattention, and internally restless.   ADHD has an effect of distorting an individual’s self-perception and self-image (Nigg, 2006). It disrupts an individual’s self-development as well as making one be antisocial and extremely aggressive. According to Nigg (2006), individuals with ADHD portray extremely oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) that is characterized by the existence of strikingly defiant, provocative behavior, disobedient, and by the lack of harsher dissocial or violent acts that infringe the law or the constitutional rights of others. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might impact on all the aspects of a child’s life. Certainly, it also affects parents and siblings hence causing trouble for most families and it has impacted on the marital functioning. The undesirable effects of ADHD on families and children change from the period of preschool years and it continues throughout primary school and to adolescence, with varying characteristics of the disorder becoming outstanding at diverse stages. ADHD may also continue into adulthood causing disturbance to both personal and professional life. ADHD has been also related to a high cost in health care for the sick and their family members. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic, devastating disorder which can result in too many effects in various aspects of a person’s life. This includes difficulties in academics, stressed parent-child relationships, social skills problems and, reduced parenting efficacy, especially when ADHD is comorbid with behavior problems.

Internal Legal Memorandum Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Legal Memorandum - Term Paper Example When Jones walked over to the Colt house to complain, they set the dog on her and she narrowly missed being bitten, falling down in her panic and because of her recent hip surgery. She returned home in a complete panic and developed a nervous tic and paranoid about leaving her home The major issues raised in this case would be (a) nuisance (b) harassment (c) assault and (d) intentional infliction of emotional distress as well as (e) criminal destruction of property. The first issue arises because of the noisy parties at nights, with bright lights in the backyard and during the day, the children trying to send their balls into Jones’ birdbath. The harassment arises because of the way the Colts responded to her request to stop the nuisance activities with the threat to unleash their dog on her. The assault issue arises because the dog Sirius did indeed attack her and would have quite likely caused actual physical harm if it had not been distracted by another dog. As it is, the dog caused injuries because Jones fell down and hurt her hip that had recent surgery. The intentional infliction of emotional distress arises because of the way the Colts responded to her grievances, with animosity and an attitude of conflict rather than amity and cooperation. The l ast issue of criminal destruction of property arises because of the fence the Colts built that impeded the access to sunlight of the plants in Jones’ garden. The rule on nuisance would assess how much disturbance was caused to the Plaintiff and whether this could be deemed intrusive of her right to peace and privacy. The rule on harassment requires the plaintiff to demonstrate externally that there were hurt or injured feelings arising out of the harassment. In a case of assault, the balance would be between the forseeability of harm against the burden of preventive measures.

How journalists influenced US war efforts in Vietnam Research Paper

How journalists influenced US war efforts in Vietnam - Research Paper Example The differences that led to war involved the Northerners favoring communist form of rule and the Southerners favoring non-communist form of rule. The stand by Southerners tended to cohere with the desire of USA, which hated communist rule. Coupled with the fear of about the possible spread of communist rule across the entire East Asia in case any country managed to secure an opportunity, USA resolved to help South Vietnam intensify war against North to defeat the idea of communism. The perceived support given to the South prompted the North to fire directly on US ships1. This act aggrieved US authorities thus resolving to direct involvement and participation in the war. This is how US entered into the Vietnam affair, where it emerged unsuccessful due to various factors. One of the main factors was the involvement of American journalists in an era when televisions were widespread across many households in US. 2The digital technology of television and newspapers facilitated the process of journalists transmitting real videos and pictures as happened in the battle ground. Influence of Journalists on US efforts in Vietnam War Prior to the arrival of the US journalists in the war field, US government tended to deliver deceptive reports concerning the progress of the war. At first, the government denied claims that US troops took part in the war, while they did. This came clear after the arrival of the journalists in the war field, who captured and aired the real events. The reports send by the journalists showed how US participated in aerial bombings that killed many people. Some of the news showed children running helplessly in Trang Bang after being hit by and injured by bombs fell by US military. 3These pictures frightened and aggrieved most of the Americans who started blaming the government for mismanaging American resources by fighting innocent children. In fact, television news and newspapers covered a terror-stricken girl running along the street naked after her cloths burnt in bomb triggered fires. In bid to quell citizens, American government responded by claiming that the attacks on children were due to misdirected bomb thrown by South Vietnamese soldiers4. This claim was in total contradiction to the pictures and videos transmitted by journalists, which showed US airplanes dropping the bombs. 5Journalist reported and transmitted videos of massacres of US soldiers during the Tet offense of 1968, alongside flying of dead bodies of soldiers back to US. Furthermore, journalists investigating the Vietnam at some moments focused on the sad atrocities caused by US soldiers who massacred people across Vietnam. This news increasingly aggrieved US citizens who continued to declare strong opposition of the government in the Vietnam War. 6In spite of the media transmitting clear pictures and information as happening in the battleground, US government persisted on denial and even quoting small number of deaths of soldier contrary to the visual records transmitted by media. It this continued denial of the government and closure of truth that aggravated public anger to an extent of engaging public protests demanding for withdrawal of US troops from Vietnam. 7The media through the respective investigative journalists stationed in Saigon did at one time transmit images about Buddhist crisis of 1963. The images showed people committing serious suicide away of protesting restriction to religious rights by Diem

Defining Health And Wellness Health And Social Care Essay

Defining Health And Wellness Health And Social Care Essay In my essay I will discuss how I will cater for my health and wellness ideologies, my definition of health and describe my beliefs about what health is. I will discuss three aspects of the dimensions of health and the factors which could affect my health, what determinants influence my health using the dimensions of health model and explain how I will use that model to assist in my goal towards achieving my optimal health wellness. Being healthy and maintaining wellness means having a body that is in good shape to allow my ideologies of my life suited to the development of an excellent well-being through relationships the community in which I live. My wellness involves giving good care to my physical self, using my mind constructively, expressing my emotions effectively, being creatively involved with those around you, and being concerned about your physical, psychological and spiritual environment. Wellness means more than not being sick; it means taking steps to prevent illness and to lead a richer, more balanced, and more satisfying life. The physical dimension of wellness deals with the functional operation of the body and involves health related components of physical fitness. The people that surround me and my situational environment in its entirety assist me in making sound decisions in relation to my health. My wellness on the other hand I define as my choice to be responsible for the quality and value of for my life. l make conscious decisions to achieve a healthy lifestyle. I choose to make these conscious decisions by a learned throughout my life for which I value today. My mind-set is that I have this powerful tool to use and a predisposition which is in place to lead a satisfying traditional health and wellness. A health wellness modelled today by others within my society. Health and wellness was once characterised as the absence of disability or any form of disease. This is a medical definition or a medical model. However this suggests and ultimately promotes that any person who has a disability cannot at all achieve wellness. However I believe I can achieve wellness if I would opt to function responsibly for improving myself. I am looking at me as the whole, for my health and wellness, refers to the interconnection my body, mind and soul. My engagement in the form of physical activity, exercise, recreation, physical health and wellness also considers ones possible involvement with drug abuse, tobacco usage, and alcohol addiction. Another dimension addresses good mental and emotional health in performing ones daily and specialized activities. This includes continually feeding my mental faculty to acquire more knowledge. Task two I believe health is a unified system of personal performance that is concerned with making the most of the potential to maintain a better health and wellness. This potential requires me to sustain a range of balances and a focused track of ideologies within my environment in which I need to function to maintain homeostasis. Here I will discuss using the dimensions of health model key factors that affect my health. I identify with Edlin and Golantrys health wellness model, holistic health. Using my surroundings, my environment that I live in to maintain my boundaries within my lifestyle and objects and people that surround me to help make me complete with a prospective health wellness. By involving a holistic approach with faith and hope I incorporate my moral beliefs, a moral grounding my learned from my upbringing. I use this as a guide to perform tasks on my mental stability, a feel good approach to wellness. I am emotional and sensitive towards others. My emotional approach I use to support my partner and everyone that crosses my path that are in need of help. Whereas my partner supports what I need to maintain in the practical sense of issues that surround my health and wellness, my physical support. The positive reasoning is that I feel good when those I care about feel good and I have made a difference in their lives. My partner is my rock, my soul mate a stable being in my life that I need to keep me grounded and on task for lifes events that may arise such as undue stressors. Thus maintaining stability mentally I can function on other areas where strength is needed to maintain health wellness within myself as a living soul physically. Without mental stability I feel it would hinder my ability to function on all other levels to maintain an overall stable health wellness. My social stance in the community I believe makes me a holistic being, using the holistic social approach I utilise people from other cultures and genders to meet a standard of need for care and understanding of myself. Understanding my needs and necessities in life leaves no one left out and felling isolated. I am active and expressive in my thoughts spiritually I make my feelings and thoughts obvious and where I dont understand I ask, therefore putting these feelings into thoughts and becoming spiritually aware of my beliefs helps me understand. Becoming more of a helper and trusting within a human care relationship. Encompassing my spirit for strength in times of guidance the same guidance I can use to help maintain my health wellness using expressive, positive and negative feelings within a supportive, protective, and counteractive mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. My faith helps me to identify my purpose in life; helps me to learn how to experience love, joy, peace and fulfillment. The ability to laugh, to enjoy life, to adjust to change, to cope with stress, and to maintain intimate relationships are examples of the emotional dimension of wellness. My family, my pets, my friends keeps me laughing and they bring so much joy to my life. I am maintaining the weight that I want to me, I am eating an even more balanced diet and I am abstaining from any and everything that is harmful to my body and I am definitely staying physically active. In my life I have always had ways to deal with the stress of this life with the help of God, my family, my church family, my friends and even when there is no one around just sitting there holding my cat seems to take away some of my anxiety. The environmental dimension of wellness deals with preservation of natural resources as well as protection of plant and animal wildlife. I am very satisfied with my current lifestyle choice. You have to laugh to keep from crying is so true. Every day you are bombard with so much from this world and if you do not have an outlet or a way to deal with stress, this world can literally drive you crazy. Well I have no problems in that area, being that I have to study everyday since I am in college. Spiritual dimension of wellness involves the development of onetms inner self and onetms soul. Much of my life will be spent at work when I do get out into my career field and I will have to maintain a balance between work time and leisure time. You know that saying A mind is a terrible thing to waste and if you dontmt use your mind it will atrophy. I am taking steps to increase my flexibility level but incorporating it into to my morning devotion and my evening devotion and before and after I do any work in my yard, before and after I go walking or jogging with my family and my dog. And this is where the physical, emotional, social, intellectual spiritual dimens ion of wellness will help me to deal with the stress of working in the health care field.

The Influence of Alcohol and Drugs in Edgar Allen Poe Life

The influence of alcohol and drugs in Edgar Allan Poe’s life â€Å"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there, wondering, fearing, Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dreamed before† (Edgar Allan Poe). Darkness and sadness are strong characteristics of Edgar Allan Poe’s writing. The tragedies during his life, such as the death of his biological and adoptive moms, followed by the death of his young wife Virginia were important factors which formed his gothic style. Poe is known for his drinking problems and use of drugs.Those habits had a big influence in his life and in his works. Family members, classmates, depression and disasters influenced Poe to use alcohol. The possibilities of Poe been an alcoholic increased because of the environment and the society in which he grew up (Scharf, Douglas 3). Genetics probabilities were really high to him too, once his father, David Poe, and his brother Henry Poe had hard drinking problems (Poe, Drugs and Alcoh ol 7).The most part of Poe’s problems as depression and alcoholism appeared more evidently while he was passing the age of mid-twenties (Black, Jamee A. ). His addiction to alcohol started while he was attending the University of Virginia and was introduced to it by classmates (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 9). Depression, heart troubles and a brain lesion were clinically proved and part of Poe’s life (Black, Jamee A. ). Was extremely hard for him to handle with his emotional and physical weaknesses, so to relief his pain he used alcohol as anesthetic (Black, Jamee A. 6). More and more, Poe’s addiction to alcohol was increasing and this over drinking was causing now trouble in different sections of his life.His carrier was one of the first affected starting in June 1835, when the editor of the Southern Literary Messenger gave an opportunity to Poe to work helping with this paper. The people responsible for the paper and the readers really liked Poe’s effort and creativity, but he was fired after arrived repeatedly times drunk at work (Poe, Edgar Allan 2). The madness and depression that Poe felt were increasing as increased his over drinking (Black, Jamee A. 1). Poe went so far that he got into a point that he drank absinthe and brandy which is a really dangerous mixture (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 27).Between the many possible causes of Edgar Allan Poe’s death, his problem with alcohol is really considerable as one important reason of his early death (Scharf, Douglas 1). Even though Poe was completely addicted to alcohol, many times, he tried very hard to fight against his alcoholism. Right after his first long drinking experience, during college, he tried to stay away from it (Black, Jamee A. 3). His drinking times were intermittent and he stayed abstain from alcohol for months in some of those periods (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 8).Promises were made and repeatedly times he said that would never drink again. As one side of Poe tells him that he should stop with alcohol, the other side tells that he should drink to relief his emotional pains and usually he followed this last side once is a lot easier to deal with it (Black, Jamee A. 6). In 1847, Poe’s get extremely hard into drinking, one of the worse times during his whole life, after the death of his young wife Virginia (Hennelly, Mark M. 1). After this event he could stop drinking alcohol anymore (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 14).Other important characteristic of his life is the use of drugs. Some evidences show that Poe really used drugs but for medical benefits in which the doctors gave to him as a medicine (Scharf, Douglas 4). Few doctors believed that Poe was not addicted to drugs and that he just used as written on the medical prescription (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 4). The problems and pains that Poe felt were so hard for him to deal with that he used drugs to forget about all these trouble (Black, Jamee A. 7). Opium was the main drug used by Poe, it made him get it the dream-world (Hennelly, Mark M. 0).While Poe was trying to get away from alcohol were times when he used uncontrolled amounts of Opium (Poe, Drug and Alcohol 2). The use of drugs, even for medical benefits, made him addicted to drugs and this is appointed as one of the cause of Poe’s death (Black, Jamee A. 11). Poe’s works are a visible reflects of his life, history and habits, including the use of alcohol and drugs. Between the large amounts of Poe’s works written in first person is remarkable that couple of his fictions narrators admitted the use of Opium (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 1).Roderick Usher, the narrator of the short story The Fall of the House of Usher, was a depressed man addicted to drugs which cause one of the strongest suspicions of bonds between Poe and his characters (Scharf, Douglas 4). He had a tendency for gothic style after all the tragedies during his life, and he appeared with an irregular behavior when related with women after th e death of Virginia (Poe, Edgar Allan 6). An example of his personal life in his work is showed at the beginning of the poem The Raven when the narrator is reading a book to try to forget someone who he loved and that he lost.Passages of Poe’s stories and poems are seemed as he was having a hallucination while he was writing it, and it’s possible that he was under alcohol and drugs influence (Poe, Drugs and Alcohol 5). â€Å"I became insane, with long intervals of horrible sanity† (Edgar Allan Poe). Alcohol and drugs had expressive influence into Poe’s style and writing. Even though all the troubles caused by those disasters during his life, without them Poe wouldn’t have the characteristics that made him and his works so unique.

“Everyman” and “Doctor Faustus” Essay

Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus are plays. They are written within different time Periods, with Everyman written in the medieval era and Doctor Faustus written in the Renaissance. Everyman and Doctor Faustus are both Morality Plays, these are specifically plays that existed within the Medieval period. They were popular during this period as they were intended to instruct the audience in the Christian way and attitudes to life. The morality play is essentially an allegory written in dramatic form. In the fourteenth Century, morality plays were mainly based on the seven deadly sins as in Everyman with each character representing each sin. Everyman centers around allegory. It focuses on the allegorical representations of moral issues with the inclusion of figures that represent abstractions of the issues that are confronted. Doctor Faustus follows the general five-act structure of an Elizabethan Romantic Tragedy. However Christopher Marlowe used the structure of an older Medieval form of English Drama, the morality play as a model. Morality plays tended to show the moral struggle of mans soul and the conflict of good and evil. This is evident in the play of Doctor Faustus who is embroiled in a battle between the temptation of the devil and God. You could argue that Doctor Faustus is not classed as a morality play. Because in the tradition of a morality play God and the devil are external forces that affect the individual. However, in Doctor Faustus it is far more of an internal drama inside Faustus’ own mind. Both are entirely didactic in nature, they were made with the intent to educate their audience in one respect or another. There was a moral to each that conveyed similar messages. Therefore the term ‘morality play’ correctly defines each one. The medieval time period in which Everyman was written contained a society that revolved around religion (Ecclesiasticism) The fact that Everyman can get nowhere without turning to religion directly reflects on the attitudes of the middle ages. There is constant references to the beliefs and ideas of the Catholic Church such as confession, penitence and the Virgin Mary this suggests the catholic centered society in which the play existed. It concentrates on the qualities of the catholic religion that are important in the journey to heaven. Everyman is a symbol of the human condition and how it is understood by medieval Catholicism. Whereas in the sixteenth century in which Doctor Faustus was written, saw a shift of Christian ideals. No longer was there only the strict belief in God but also the equal belief in the existence of the devil and the â€Å"work of the devil.† The medieval world placed God at the centre of existence, leaving the individual and the natural world in second place. The emergence of the Renaissance is evident in Doctor Faustus by the clash between the church and the introduction of knowledge through science. The Reformation caused a dramatic change at that particular time, England had converted from predominantly catholic to a protestant country. This shift becomes apparent in Doctor Faustus in the scenes with the Pope. The Renaissance was also a time when the bubonic plague was at its peak of destruction. As a result the plague was a great concern of the theatre, audiences and writers. The plague was a large part of Marlowe’s life and work. Marlowe refers to the plague regularly in Doctor Faustus with examples such as â€Å"A Plague on her.† Here Marlowe is using speci fic language to reflect certain aspect of the precise period, being Reformation. When considering the audience of each play, this can again create disagreement concerning the meaning of the term ‘morality play.’ Morality plays, as I have mentioned like Everyman, primarily express aspects of moral doctrine to the audience. In the Play Everyman, the anonymous author may have been a priest or teacher who was explaining the Christian values to an uneducated society. It is written by and for people of catholic religion. This would fit accurately into the description as a ‘morality play.’ However, some may argue that Doctor Faustus is more comically delivered as opposed to morally. Elizabethan audiences often viewed great tragedies such as this in a slightly humorous manner. Scenes such as the one with the Pope’s food and drink being stolen highlights this point. Also Marlowe includes numerous comical characters such as Wagner and Faustus’ servant. Therefore can we still group this together with the other morality plays such as Doctor Faustus? Contrary to this, it is clear that the audience of the play Doctor Faustus are not simply an audience of ‘Commoners or clowns,’ they have to employ a certain level of intelligence and education to understand the symbolism and al legory present in the play. We can acknowledge the play of Doctor Faustus as one from the Elizabethan period as its verbs differ from modern day usage, with phrases such as â€Å"What see you?† and â€Å"You look not well.† Also Elizabethan playwrights wrote in blank verse or iambic pentameter, as its evident here. Marlowe uses various Christian phrases to summon the devil, who is providing the power. The most obvious reference to Christian language is shown through Faustus’ Latin Chant which is used to raise the devil. Marlowe’s technique of hyperbole is demonstrated by his regular usage of blasphemy in the play. By using exaggeration like this, Marlowe is affecting the audience’s perception of the character of Faustus. The language used gives the character heroic stature. Contrast to Doctor Faustus, The language in Everyman is solely based on religion. There is reference to the original sinner Adam and the seven deadly sins, this mainly focuses on the notions of Christianity. The language used in both Everyman and Doctor Faustus represents the conflict between power and Christianity. In conclusion, Marlowe borrows many of the conventions of a morality play especially with the inclusion of the good and bad angels. This symbolizes his divided will. This is mirrored in the play Everyman where there is an obvious spiritual crisis of an individual who must chose between good and evil. Both Everyman and Doctor Faustus effectively reflect the periods in which they were written. Faustus is the product of an era that was deeply torn, it stands in the threshold between two periods-The Renaissance and the Middle Ages. It includes the notions of Good and evil, sin and salvation, as did religious dramas of the medieval period such as Everyman. Although some may see this comparison as the rejection of the medieval due to further emphasis on the individual rather than God. After all, the opening scene of Doctor Faustus was praising science and magic in favour of God. So where do we draw the line? Everyman statically reflects the period of medieval whereas Doctor Faustus focuses on the actual change in that particular period of the Reformation. Therefore it is possible to see the alteration from one period to another. Bibliography ‘Doctor Faustus’-Christopher Marlowe ‘Norton Anthology of English Literature’ Oxford Dictionary Online ‘LION’- http://lion.chadwyck.co.uk http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/Texts/faustus.html (3/12/03) http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/doctorfaustus/ (5/12/03) http://www.miracleplayers.org/everyman/play.htm (15/12/03) http://www.luminarium.org/medlit/intro.htm (17/12/03)

Ethics and Organizational Development essays

Ethics and Organizational Development essays "For many organisations 'ethics' is something to be defined and managed by senior executives." Consider the arguments for and against this control-oriented position. In today's world it is all too prevalent to see more and more people hungry to gain success at an ever-increasing rate. Modern culture can and indeed is labelled 'greedy' and 'thoughtless'. Through my relatively short time spent in business, I have encountered many of these types of people. But who are they hungry for? Who benefits from their thoughtlessness, and why do they do what they do? More importantly, who is to blame when things don't go according to plan? These are all questions asked constantly in the business domain, questions that often seem to include the word 'ethics' in their answer. Whether we look to consequentialism and always consider the outcome of a particular action, or conform to a more deontological form of ethical thinking and focus on always acting in a manner that seems 'right', I believe that a person cannot always be 'ethical', all of the time. If it were that easy, ethics would be a very small area of study. So what does the word 'ethical' mean? To me, it is to take into account every aspect involved in any given situation, peoples' feelings, thoughts and well-being, both now and in the future, and act as best one can to achieve the most satisfactory outcome for all concerned. From my viewpoint, acting in an ethical manner comes from each and every individual, each having learned from the environment in which they have grown and developed. Should the judgement, therefore, always be left to the individual? This is certainly not the case, as more and more organisations in the business world develop codes of ethics that they expect each member to follow. This definition and management of ethics can be seen as a control-oriented position. This control paradigm for organisational ethics is largely concerned with extracting the best possib...

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Yeats Analysis Essay, the Influential Nature of His Writing Essay Example for Free

Yeats Analysis Essay, the Influential Nature of His Writing Essay Love, desire, loneliness, aging, timelessness, beauty, the turmoil of modern civilization, romanticism and modernism are all characteristics under which Yeats have shaped his text about which expresses the reality of his time, genuinely showcasing the legitimacy and influence in his poetry. Seen as obsessive and an elitist, his themes, images, symbols, metaphors, and poetic sensibilities encompass his own notion of experience as well as the troubled times experienced by his nation, all coupling with Irish and Greek mythology and the 19th Century occultism all wounding together and informed by his knowledge of his interpretative understanding. A particular influential element of Yeats poetry is the substantial reference to history. 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Never To Feel His Love Again :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

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